Electro-catalytic Materials (Electrode Materials) in Electrochemical Wastewater Treatment

Patel, Priya.S.; Bandre, Nikita; Saraf, Ankita; Ruparelia, Jayesh

doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2013.01.060

Cited by 55 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Some of the typical examples of EC water treatment technologies are EC oxidation used for mineralization of organic pollutants [ 18 ], EC-based water disinfection [ 19 ], removal of cyanides [ 20 ], and EC reduction used for metals recovery and the conversion of highly toxic and persistent organic compounds to less toxic forms [ 21 ]. In general, the EC wastewater treatment approach is characterized by high adaptability, relatively high energy competence, acquiescence to automation as well as environmental friendliness; it is perceived to be an advanced technology used for the treatment of PSWW [ 22 ]. According to Zarei et al [ 23 ], up to 100%, microbial removal efficiency was achieved when copper electrodes were used for PSWW disinfection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Graphite and Titanium as Cathode Electrode Materials on Poultry Slaughterhouse Wastewater Treatment

et al. 2020

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Despite the potential applicability of the combination between aluminium (anode) and graphite or titanium (cathode) for poultry slaughterhouse wastewater treatment, their technical and economic feasibilities have not been comprehensively captured. In this study, aluminium (anode) and graphite and titanium as cathode electrode materials were investigated and compared in terms of their performance on poultry slaughterhouse wastewater treatment. The wastewater samples collected from the Izhevsk Production Corporative (PC) poultry farm in Kazakhstan were treated using a lab-based electrochemical treatment plant and then analyzed after every 20 and 40 min of the treatment processes. Cost analysis for both electrode combinations was also performed. From the analysis results, the aluminium–graphite electrode combination achieved high removal efficiency from turbidity, color, nitrite, phosphates, and chemical oxygen demand, with removal efficiency ranging from 72% to 98% after 20 min, as well as 88% to 100% after 40 min. A similar phenomenon was also observed from the aluminium–titanium electrode combination, with high removal efficiency achieved from turbidity, color, total suspended solids, nitrite, phosphates, and chemical oxygen demand, ranging from 81% to 100% after 20 min as well as from 91% to 100% after 40 min. This means the treatment performances for both aluminium–graphite and aluminium–titanium electrode combinations were highly affected by the contact time. The general performance in terms of removal efficiency indicates that the aluminium–titanium electrode combination outperformed the aluminium–graphite electrode combination. However, the inert character of the graphite electrode led to a positive impact on the total operating cost. Therefore, the aluminium–graphite electrode combination was observed to be cheaper than the aluminium–titanium electrode combination in terms of the operating cost.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Graphite and Titanium as Cathode Electrode Materials on Poultry Slaughterhouse Wastewater Treatment

et al. 2020

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“…In recent years, electrochemical technologies become good candidates to replace conventional methods for treating wastewaters containing toxic and refractory organic pollutants [6,7,8,9]. The effectiveness of electrochemical methods is mainly related to the nature of the anode materials [10,11]. It is important that the electrode material should be appropriately chosen to ensure highly efficient electrochemical treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Oxidation/Disinfection of Urine Wastewaters with Different Anode Materials

2019

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In the present work, electrochemical technology was used simultaneously for the deactivation of microorganisms and the destruction of micro-pollutants contained in synthetic urine wastewaters. Microorganisms (E. coli) were added to synthetic urine wastewaters to mimic secondary treated sewage wastewaters. Different anode materials were employed including boron-doped diamond (BDD), dimensionally stable anode (DSA: IrO2 and RuO2) and platinum (Pt). The results showed that for the different anode materials, a complete deactivation of E. coli microorganisms at low applied electric charge (1.34 Ah dm−3) was obtained. The complete deactivation of microorganisms in wastewater seems to be directly related to active chlorine and oxygen species electrochemically produced at the surface of the anode material. Complete depletion of COD and TOC can be attained during electrolyses with BDD anode after the consumption of specific electric charges of 4.0 and 8.0 Ah dm−3, respectively. Higher specific electric charges (>25 Ah dm−3) were consumed to removal completely COD and about 75% of TOC during electrolyses with DSA anodes (IrO2 and RuO2). However, the electrolysis using Pt anode can partially remove and even after the consumption of high specific electric charges (>40 Ah dm−3) COD and TOC did not exceed 50 and 25%, respectively. Active chlorine species including hypochlorite ions and chloramines formed during electrolysis contribute not only to deactivate microorganisms but also to degrade organics compounds. High conversion yields of organic nitrogen into nitrates and ammonium were achieved during electrolysis BDD and DSA anodes. The results have confirmed that BDD anode is more efficient than with IrO2, RuO2 and Pt electrodes in terms of COD and TOC removals. However, higher amounts of perchlorates were measured at the end of the electrolysis using BDD anode.

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“…In contrast, active electrodes such as Pt-, IrO 2 -, and RuO 2 -are dimensionally stable anodes (DSAs) [10,11] which, in addition to performing the electron exchange process, have chemical interactions with oxidants. Because of the potential electrochemical activity of electrodes, it is necessary to select a suitable electrode material in each specific case [12]. In this study, AC was used as an oxidizing agent to treat organic compounds, so active electrodes such as Ti-RuO 2 and Ti-IrO 2 will be more effective [8,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, the formation of some by-products, such as ClO 3 − and ClO 4 − , should not be considered greatly during electrolysis of chloride [3], as these products can seriously affect human health [14][15][16][17]. Some previous publications show that the level of formation of ClO 3 − and ClO 4 − when using Ti-IrO 2 is higher than Ti-RuO 2 in the NaCl electrolysis process [12,18]. Thus, Ti-RuO 2 electrodes were selected for use in this study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response Surface Analysis of Fenobucarb Removal by Electrochemically Generated Chlorine

Phạm

et al. 2019

Water

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the electrochemical formation of active chlorine and its subsequent use for the degradation of the pesticide fenobucarb. Initially, the process of electrochemical active chlorine production was investigated using an electrochemical flow-cell with a Ti/RuO2 plate electrode. The contribution of four main factors (chloride concentration, current density, the retention time of chloride in the cell (flow rate), and initial pH of inlet solution) to form active chlorine was determined by a central composite design (CCD). The influence of the four variables was statistically significant, and the contributions of flow rate, chloride concentration, pH, and current density were found to be 37.2%, 33.59%, 18.28%, and 10.93%, respectively. A mathematical model was established to predict and optimize the operating conditions for fenobucarb removal in the NaCl electrolysis process. The main transformation products (seven compound structures) were detected by liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS). The results of the model and transformation products indicated that fenobucarb was degraded due to direct oxidation on the electrode surface, and indirectly by active chlorine and other radicals present during the NaCl electrolysis process.

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Electro-catalytic Materials (Electrode Materials) in Electrochemical Wastewater Treatment

Cited by 55 publications

References 10 publications

Performance of Graphite and Titanium as Cathode Electrode Materials on Poultry Slaughterhouse Wastewater Treatment

Performance of Graphite and Titanium as Cathode Electrode Materials on Poultry Slaughterhouse Wastewater Treatment

Electrochemical Oxidation/Disinfection of Urine Wastewaters with Different Anode Materials

Response Surface Analysis of Fenobucarb Removal by Electrochemically Generated Chlorine

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