Electro-assisted removal of polar and ionic organic compounds from water using activated carbon felts

Zhou, Jieying; Zhang, Yuan; Balda, Maria; Presser, Volker; Kopinke, Frank‐Dieter; Georgi, Anett

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2021.133544

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…High-temperature treatment with H 2 on the contrary not only de-functionalizes the carbon surface, but also saturates the resulting reactive carbon atoms and un-saturated aliphatic structures [ 18 ]. This procedure was recently applied in order to obtain AC felts with very low O-content and a positive surface charge, and proved to be suitable to generate excellent adsorbents for PFAS anions and other anionic persistent and mobile organic compounds (PMOCs) [ 31 ]. Most interestingly, the effect of the high-temperature treatment in 3 vol.-% H 2 O/N 2 applied in this study was comparable to the treatment with H 2 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bottom-Up Synthesis of De-Functionalized and Dispersible Carbon Spheres as Colloidal Adsorbent

Balda

Mackenzie

Woszidlo

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Recent innovative adsorption technologies for water purification rely on micrometer-sized activated carbon (AC) for ultrafast adsorption or in situ remediation. In this study, the bottom-up synthesis of tailored activated carbon spheres (aCS) from sucrose as renewable feedstock is demonstrated. The synthesis is based on a hydrothermal carbonization step followed by a targeted thermal activation of the raw material. This preserves its excellent colloid properties, i.e., narrow particle size distribution around 1 µm, ideal spherical shape and excellent aqueous dispersibility. We investigated the ageing of the freshly synthesized, highly de-functionalized AC surface in air and aqueous media under conditions relevant to the practice. A slow but significant ageing due to hydrolysis and oxidation reactions was observed for all carbon samples, leading to an increase of the oxygen contents with storage time. In this study, a tailored aCS product was generated within a single pyrolysis step with 3 vol.-% H2O in N2 in order to obtain the desired pore diameters and surface properties. Adsorption characteristics, including sorption isotherms and kinetics, were investigated with monochlorobenzene (MCB) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) as adsorbates. The product showed high sorption affinities up to log (KD/[L/kg]) of 7.3 ± 0.1 for MCB and 6.2 ± 0.1 for PFOA, respectively.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bottom-Up Synthesis of De-Functionalized and Dispersible Carbon Spheres as Colloidal Adsorbent

Balda

Mackenzie

Woszidlo

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…With rapid industrial expansion and accelerated urbanization, water pollution is a severe concern to humankind and the environment. [1] Dye wastewater, in particular, has remained a challenge due to its nonbiodegradability, high toxicity to life forms, strong chemical stability for the aromatic structure, and tremendous dye output (about two million tons worldwide per year). [2] The high color intensity also detriment the aquatic diversity by blocking sunlight from passing through the water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Sb−SnO₂ Electrode with Ti³⁺ Self‐Doped Urchin‐Like Rutile TiO₂ Nanoclusters as the Interlayer for the Effective Degradation of Dye Pollutants

et al. 2023

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Stable and efficient SnO2 electrodes are very promising for effectively degrading refractory organic pollutants in wastewater treatment. In this regard, we firstly prepared Ti3+ self‐doped urchin‐like rutile TiO2 nanoclusters (TiO2‐xNCs) on a Ti mesh substrate by hydrothermal and electroreduction to serve as an interlayer for the deposition of Sb−SnO2. The TiO2‐xNCs/Sb−SnO2 anode exhibited a high oxygen evolution potential (2.63 V vs. SCE) and strong ⋅OH generation ability for the enhanced amount of absorbed oxygen species. Thus, the degradation results demonstrated its good rhodamine B (RhB), methylene blue (MB), alizarin yellow R (AYR), and methyl orange (MO) removal performance, with the rate constant increased 5.0, 1.9, 1.9, and 4.7 times, respectively, compared to the control Sb−SnO2 electrode. RhB and AYR degradation mechanisms are also proposed based on the results of high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and quenching experiments. More importantly, this unique rutile interlayer prolonged the anode lifetime sixfold, given its good lattice match with SnO2 and the three‐dimensional concave–convex structure. Consequently, this work paves a new way for designing the crystal form and structure of the interlayers to obtain efficient and stable SnO2 electrodes for addressing dye wastewater problems.

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“…[2] Most commonly, ion separation is studied through adsorption [3] or membrane-based sieving processes [4] and is extended to organic compounds. [5] In addition to seeking reduced cost and energy consumption approaches, there is also a strong motivation to explore and implement more sustainable ion separation technologies. [6] Recently, electrochemical ion separation intercalate cations and anions between the MXene-layers [16] yields a pseudocapacitive response, while the carbide/nitride core provides rapid charge transport.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time‐Dependent Cation Selectivity of Titanium Carbide MXene in Aqueous Solution

Wang

Torkamanzadeh

Majed

et al. 2022

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional separation processes due to its high selectivity metrics and energy efficiency. [7] Depending on the nature of electroactive material, the ion immobilization and separation process mechanisms are different. For example, nanoporous carbons immobilize ions via electrosorption. Sub-nanometer pores may cause ion sieving or require ions to (partially) shed their solvation shell; this effect enables further tunability of the ion selectivity. [8] Even more confined sites for ion uptake are found in Faradaic materials. [9] Thereby, processes such as ion intercalation or other redox processes enable selectivity toward certain cations or anions. [9,10] For example, LiMn 2 O 4 provides facile intercalation into its crystal structure only for specific ions with matched size and valence, aligning with intrinsic ion selectivity. [11] Other materials like TiS 2 [12] show potential-dependent (tunable) ion selectivity according to the hydration energy of ions. This mechanism is linked with the specific onset potential for ion intercalation (or other redox processes), which gives rise to the unique battery-like feature in electrochemical measurements. [13] Yet, the ion selectivity of pseudocapacitive materials has remained largely unexplored. [14] MXene is a promising, quickly growing, and novel family of 2D metal carbides or nitrates. [15] The ability to reversibly Electrochemical ion separation is a promising technology to recover valuable ionic species from water. Pseudocapacitive materials, especially 2D materials, are up-and-coming electrodes for electrochemical ion separation. For implementation, it is essential to understand the interplay of the intrinsic preference of a specific ion (by charge/size), kinetic ion preference (by mobility), and crystal structure changes. Ti 3 C 2 T z MXene is chosen here to investigate its selective behavior toward alkali and alkaline earth cations. Utilizing an online inductively coupled plasma system, it is found that Ti 3 C 2 T z shows a time-dependent selectivity feature. In the early stage of charging (up to about 50 min), K + is preferred, while ultimately Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ uptake dominate; this unique phenomenon is related to dehydration energy barriers and the ion exchange effect between divalent and monovalent cations. Given the wide variety of MXenes, this work opens the door to a new avenue where selective ion-separation with MXene can be further engineered and optimized.

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Electro-assisted removal of polar and ionic organic compounds from water using activated carbon felts

Cited by 15 publications

References 66 publications

Bottom-Up Synthesis of De-Functionalized and Dispersible Carbon Spheres as Colloidal Adsorbent

Bottom-Up Synthesis of De-Functionalized and Dispersible Carbon Spheres as Colloidal Adsorbent

Novel Sb−SnO₂ Electrode with Ti³⁺ Self‐Doped Urchin‐Like Rutile TiO₂ Nanoclusters as the Interlayer for the Effective Degradation of Dye Pollutants

Time‐Dependent Cation Selectivity of Titanium Carbide MXene in Aqueous Solution

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Electro-assisted removal of polar and ionic organic compounds from water using activated carbon felts

Cited by 15 publications

References 66 publications

Bottom-Up Synthesis of De-Functionalized and Dispersible Carbon Spheres as Colloidal Adsorbent

Bottom-Up Synthesis of De-Functionalized and Dispersible Carbon Spheres as Colloidal Adsorbent

Novel Sb−SnO2 Electrode with Ti3+ Self‐Doped Urchin‐Like Rutile TiO2 Nanoclusters as the Interlayer for the Effective Degradation of Dye Pollutants

Time‐Dependent Cation Selectivity of Titanium Carbide MXene in Aqueous Solution

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Novel Sb−SnO₂ Electrode with Ti³⁺ Self‐Doped Urchin‐Like Rutile TiO₂ Nanoclusters as the Interlayer for the Effective Degradation of Dye Pollutants