Electrified ammonia production as a commodity and energy storage medium to connect the food, energy, and trade sectors

Jain, Milind; Muthalathu, Rithu; Wu, Xiao‐Yu

doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.104724

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Ammonia (NH 3 ) is essential to human society and is one of the most produced inorganic compounds in the world. The annual production of synthetic ammonia in 2021 is over 230 million tons, of which about 80 % is applied to chemical fertilizers [1] . NH 3 has also gained great global interest in its use as hydrogen carrier and thus a chemical fuel [2] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The annual production of synthetic ammonia in 2021 is over 230 million tons, of which about 80 % is applied to chemical fertilizers. [1] NH 3 has also gained great global interest in its use as hydrogen carrier and thus a chemical fuel. [2] Currently, ammonia is mainly synthesized by the Haber-Bosch process in which atmospheric nitrogen reacts with hydrogen at high temperatures (400-500 °C) and high pressure (200-300 atm).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards Higher NH₃ Faradaic Efficiency: Selective‐Poisoning of HER Active Sites by Co‐Feeding CO in NO Electroreduction**

Li,

Verkuil,

Bunea

et al. 2023

ChemSusChem

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Direct electroreduction of nitric oxide offers a promising avenue to produce valuable chemicals, such as ammonia, which is an essential chemical to produce fertilizers. Direct ammonia synthesis from NO in a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolyzer is advantageous for its continuous operation and excellent mass transport characteristics. However, at a high current density, the faradaic efficiency of NO electroreduction reaction is limited by the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, we report a CO‐mediated selective poisoning strategy to enhance the faradaic efficiency (FE) towards ammonia by suppressing the HER. In the presence of only NO at the cathode, Pt/C and Pd/C catalysts showed a lower FE towards NH3 than to H2 due to the dominating HER. Cu/C catalyst showed a 78% FE towards NH3 at 2.0 V due to the stronger binding affinity to NO* compared to H*. By co‐feeding CO, the FE of Cu/C catalyst towards NH3 was improved by 12%. More strikingly, for Pd/C, the FE towards NH3 was enhanced by 95% with CO co‐feeding, by effectively suppressing HER. This is attributed to the change of the favorable surface coverage resulting from the selective and competitive binding of CO* to H* binding sites, thereby improving NH3 selectivity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Higher NH₃ Faradaic Efficiency: Selective‐Poisoning of HER Active Sites by Co‐Feeding CO in NO Electroreduction**

Li,

Verkuil,

Bunea

et al. 2023

ChemSusChem

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show abstract

“…Therefore, ammonia plays a vital role in both human society and the world economy. 1 With the escalating demand for NH 3 , the synthesis of ammonia remains a strategically important issue. The prevailing method for NH 3 production is the Haber–Bosch process, a process that is both energy- and capital-intensive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging two-dimensional materials for the electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction to yield ammonia

Ruan,

He,

Liu

et al. 2023

J. Mater. Chem. A

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“…Ammonia (NH 3 ) is an important chemical in global agriculture and industry as feedstocks for fertilizers, cleaning products, and various drugs, working fluids for heat pumps, and fuels for fuel cells. − Ammonia can also be used in refrigeration, fermentation, and energy storage and conversion. , More than 130 million tons of ammonia are produced through the traditional Haber-Bosch process annually to meet the increasing demand from a booming world population and growing industries . This process consumes 2% of the global energy consumption, emits major pollutions, and accounts for about 1.0% of global greenhouse gas emission .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 1 − 3 Ammonia can also be used in refrigeration, fermentation, and energy storage and conversion. 4 , 5 More than 130 million tons of ammonia are produced through the traditional Haber-Bosch process annually to meet the increasing demand from a booming world population and growing industries. 6 This process consumes 2% of the global energy consumption, emits major pollutions, 7 and accounts for about 1.0% of global greenhouse gas emission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Screening of Metal–Organic Frameworks for Ammonia Capture from H₂/N₂/NH₃ Mixtures

Zhu

Wang

et al. 2022

ACS Omega

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The separation of ammonia from H2/N2/NH3 mixtures is an important step in ammonia decomposition for hydrogen production and ammonia synthesis from H2 and N2 based nonaqueous technologies. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are considered as potential materials for capturing ammonia. In the present work, high-throughput screening of 2932 Computation-Ready Experimental MOFs (CoRE MOFs) was carried out for ammonia capture from H2/N2/NH3 mixtures by Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. It was found that the high-performing MOFs are characterized by tube-like channels, moderate LCD (largest cavity diameter) (4–7.5 Å), and high Q st 0(NH3) (the isosteric heat of NH3 adsorption) (>45 kJ/mol). MOFs with high NH3 adsorption capacity often feature moderate surface area, while the surface area of MOFs with high NH3 selectivity is relatively lower, which limits the NH3 adsorption capacity. Q st 0 and the Henry’s constant (K H ) are two energy descriptors describing the interactions between adsorbents and adsorbates. The former has a stronger correlation with the adsorption selectivity, while the latter has a stronger correlation with the adsorption capacity. By analyzing the molecular density distribution of adsorbates in high-performing MOFs, it was found that unsaturated coordinated metal sites provide the main functional binding sites for NH3. Most MOFs with high NH3 selectivity have multiple different metal nodes or other atoms except C, O, and H, such as N and P. Multiple metal nodes and nonmetallic atoms provide more functional binding sites. Finally, the adsorption behavior with various concentrations of gas mixtures was examined to verify the universality of the screening calculations, and the effect of framework flexibility on adsorption performance was explored.

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Electrified ammonia production as a commodity and energy storage medium to connect the food, energy, and trade sectors

Cited by 17 publications

References 35 publications

Towards Higher NH₃ Faradaic Efficiency: Selective‐Poisoning of HER Active Sites by Co‐Feeding CO in NO Electroreduction**

Towards Higher NH₃ Faradaic Efficiency: Selective‐Poisoning of HER Active Sites by Co‐Feeding CO in NO Electroreduction**

Emerging two-dimensional materials for the electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction to yield ammonia

Computational Screening of Metal–Organic Frameworks for Ammonia Capture from H₂/N₂/NH₃ Mixtures

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Electrified ammonia production as a commodity and energy storage medium to connect the food, energy, and trade sectors

Cited by 17 publications

References 35 publications

Towards Higher NH3 Faradaic Efficiency: Selective‐Poisoning of HER Active Sites by Co‐Feeding CO in NO Electroreduction**

Towards Higher NH3 Faradaic Efficiency: Selective‐Poisoning of HER Active Sites by Co‐Feeding CO in NO Electroreduction**

Emerging two-dimensional materials for the electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction to yield ammonia

Computational Screening of Metal–Organic Frameworks for Ammonia Capture from H2/N2/NH3 Mixtures

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Towards Higher NH₃ Faradaic Efficiency: Selective‐Poisoning of HER Active Sites by Co‐Feeding CO in NO Electroreduction**

Towards Higher NH₃ Faradaic Efficiency: Selective‐Poisoning of HER Active Sites by Co‐Feeding CO in NO Electroreduction**

Computational Screening of Metal–Organic Frameworks for Ammonia Capture from H₂/N₂/NH₃ Mixtures