Electrification of a nanoporous electrode in a continuous flow

Qiao, Yu; Han, Aijie; Punyamurtula, Venkata K.

doi:10.1088/0022-3727/41/8/085505

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Contrary to electrokinetic energy conversion in non-conductive channels or pores (e.g., glass, silicon, polymer substrates, etc. ), Qiao et al (2007Qiao et al ( , 2008 recently demonstrated the mechanoelectric energy conversion by forcing the electrolyte solution through a conductive nanoporous material (e.g., alloys and metals). They found that the output voltage always is independent of the flow rate (or pressure drop) and shows a small voltage less than 100 mV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrokinetic energy conversion in micrometer-length nanofluidic channels

Chang

Yang

2009

Microfluid Nanofluid

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, we present a theoretical and numerical investigation of electrokinetic energy conversion in short-length nanofluidic channels, taking into account reservoir resistance and concentration polarization effects. The concentration polarization effect was demonstrated through numerical modeling using the Poisson-NernstPlanck (PNP) model. In the absence of concentration polarization, the modified Onsager reciprocal relation for the electrokinetic flow through a one-dimensional (1D) nanochannel is derived from both Ohm's law and Kirchhoff's current law while considering the reservoir resistance. Based on this modified Onsager reciprocal relation and the Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) model, a theoretical model for electrokinetic energy conversion is proposed to address the importance of the reservoir resistance effect on electrokinetic energy conversion. The applicability of our proposed model is also verified through numerical modeling of the PNP model. The results calculated from our proposed model are shown to be in good agreement with those from the PNP model when the concentration polarization effect does not occur significantly at the reservoirs. The conversion efficiency and generation power are decreased when the channel resistance is not much larger than the reservoir resistance, especially for a shorter-length nanochannel (e.g., a channel several micrometers in length) with a lower electrolyte concentration and a higher surface charge density. After the concentration polarization effect becomes increased as a larger pressure gradient is applied through an ideal ion-selective nanochannel, the conversion efficiency/generation power is further decreased due to the ion depletion at the inlet reservoir, which increases the electrical resistance of the inlet reservoir or the equivalent electrical resistance of the electrokinetic energy conversion system. The onset pressure difference (or gradient) for a significant concentration polarization is identified both theoretically and numerically. In order to avoid decreases in the conversion efficiency/generation power mentioned above, some key factors such as the length of the nanochannel, the position of electrodes at the reservoirs, and the applied pressure gradient were noticed in this study.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrokinetic energy conversion in micrometer-length nanofluidic channels

Chang

Yang

2009

Microfluid Nanofluid

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[21][22][23][24] For example, a significate potential difference was generated when an ionic solution constantly flowed through the nanoporous electrodes, such as carbon nanotube, 25 graphene 26,27 and nanoporous nickel-copper alloy (monel). 28 Moreover, the water evaporation from the surface of carbon nanoporous materials could generate a sustained voltages of 1 V due to the evaporation induced ions moving on the surface of carbon materials, which could be used to harvest thermal energy from ambient environment. 23,29 However, few works have studied the vibration energy harvesting of liquid which is also an important energy source in the ambient environment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vibration-to-Electric Energy Conversion via Electric Double Layer Redistribution of Graphene-Nickel Foam Electrode

Zhang

Zhao

Yang

et al. 2019

J. Electrochem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this work, the vibration-to-electric energy conversion is studied with the nanoporous graphene-nickel foam (G-NF) electrode through the redistribution of the electric double layer (EDL) on the interface between Potassium chloride (KCl) solution and nanoporous graphene when the KCl solution vibrationally flows through the G-NF electrode. Here, the G-NF electrode is prepared by electro-depositing graphene on the nickel foam and subsequently freeze-drying to get nanoporous structure. Because of good connection of the nanoporous graphene, a significant electrical voltage is generated, i.e. 0.3 V at KCl concentration 0.075 mol L −1 and vibration frequency 10 Hz. Moreover, the voltage increases with the vibration frequency and gradually approaches to a saturated value for the frequency larger than 10 Hz. While, the voltage first increases and then decreases with the increasing of KCl concentration, and the peak voltage is gotten at the concentration 0.075 mol L −1 . Based on the discharging experiments, the energy conversion efficiency is calculated which gives a peak value 13.29% at 0.6 mol L −1 KCl solution for the G-NF-4 electrode. The vibration-to-electric energy conversion system can be used to harvest the wave energy and kinetic energy, which may provide a lot of potential applications for the energy supply of wireless devices.

show abstract

“…Details of material preparation can be found elsewhere. 25,26) A piping system was formed by connecting the two PP tubes via a reducer. The length of the two monel rods was 19.1 mm, and they were separated by 50 mm.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical-to-Electric Energy Conversion by Mechanically Driven Flow of Electrolytes Confined in Nanochannels

Liu

Lim

et al. 2013

Appl. Phys. Express

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This letter presents a conceptual mechanical-to-electric energy harvesting mechanism, in which an electrolytic flow is driven through a nanoporous electrode to perturb the interfacial electrochemical equilibrium and generate voltage. Using an electrochemical analysis coupled with molecular simulations, we demonstrate that both flow velocity and nanopore size have prominent effects on the structural and electrochemical properties of nanoconfined electrolytes. By first-order approximation, the energy conversion efficiency is found to be promising, and strategies for further improvements are suggested. A preliminary experiment is carried out to validate that the electrolytic flow in nanopores can cause significant energy generation.

show abstract

Electrification of a nanoporous electrode in a continuous flow

Cited by 20 publications

References 27 publications

Electrokinetic energy conversion in micrometer-length nanofluidic channels

Electrokinetic energy conversion in micrometer-length nanofluidic channels

Vibration-to-Electric Energy Conversion via Electric Double Layer Redistribution of Graphene-Nickel Foam Electrode

Mechanical-to-Electric Energy Conversion by Mechanically Driven Flow of Electrolytes Confined in Nanochannels

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About