Electrification Futures Study: Operational Analysis of U.S. Power Systems with Increased Electrification and Demand-Side Flexibility

Zhou, Ella; Mai, Trieu

doi:10.2172/1785329

Cited by 31 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 72 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This is supplemented with a "super peak" demand response assumption that clips the peak of the top 1% of hours, which reduces 2035 peak coincident demand for the contiguous United States by 246 GW in cases using ADE load profiles (this is captured in Figure 4 above, with unclipped profiles and additional details provided in Appendix C). Additional demand flexibility could potentially reduce the cost of achieving the high levels of reliability assumed here, and significant research is needed to assess the potential role of flexible loads for grid and energy-system decarbonization (Zhou and Mai 2021;.…”

Section: Demand Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining Supply-Side Options to Achieve 100% Clean Electricity by 2035

Denholm

Brown

Cole

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory at www.nrel.gov/publications. 100% Clean Electricity by 2035 ScenariosWe evaluated four main 100% clean electricity scenarios, which were each compared to two reference scenarios: one with "current policy" electricity demand (Reference-AEO) 2 and a second with much higher load growth through accelerated demand electrification (Reference-ADE). The Reference-ADE case includes rapid replacement of fossil fuel use with low-carbon alternatives across all sectors, including electrified end uses and low-carbon fuels and feedstocks, Annual Energy Outlook (AEO) and the U.S. Long-Term Strategy (LTS) demand cases Supply-side sensitivities include renewable energy costs, storage costs, nuclear costs, electrolyzer costs, CCS cost and performance, transmission constraints, new natural gas restriction, natural gas fuel costs, expanded biomass supply, low-cost geothermal, and allowing DAC in the Infrastructure Renaissance and Constrained cases. xvThis report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory at www.nrel.gov/publications. This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory at www.nrel.gov/publications.14 Given the reduction in motor gasoline and diesel fuels in the transportation sector under the ADE and LTS scenarios, this demand would likely decline over time. Hydrogen production to serve these needs is also expected to transition to lower-emissions pathways given the overall economywide decarbonization trajectory modeled under the scenarios. These dynamics are not modeled explicitly in our analysis.

show abstract

Section: Demand Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining Supply-Side Options to Achieve 100% Clean Electricity by 2035

Denholm

Brown

Cole

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The impact of additional solutions to provide demandside flexibility such as electric vehicle charging [3] or powerto-hydrogen in the industrial sector should be explored in further works [1]. Furthermore, all stakeholders in the energy sector, such as power utility companies, regulators, legislators, and consumers themselves share the responsibility of ensuring that demand-side flexibility, as a cost-effective solution, is developed on a large scale for the benefit of consumers and the environment [2] [17].…”

Section: ) Option 1 -System Model Without Consumption Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Demand-side flexibility is identified as a fraction of the electrical loads that can be reduced, increased, or shifted in a specific period [1] in order to improve the efficiency or reliability of electrical systems [3]. One of the main applications of demand-side flexibility is shifting electrical loads to increase their alignment with hours of the day when renewable energy generation is higher, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of a Distributed Energy System with Renewable Generation and Demand-side Flexibility

Perez-Moscote¹,

Tyagunov²

2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

<p>Demand-side flexibility is defined as the capacity to increase, decrease, or shift a fraction of the electricity consumption in a power system. This type of load management could increase the use of renewable energy sources and the reliability of distributed energy systems. Renewable energy sources, particularly wind and solar energy, are variable in time and usually, the periods of higher generation do not coincide with peak demand periods. This can reduce the share of such renewable energy sources in the energy balance of power systems. This work presents the modeling of a distributed energy system located in Colombia with solar photovoltaic and wind energy installations, as well as lithium-ion batteries. In the model, demand-side flexibility is applied to increase the share of renewable generation in the energy balance of the system, increase the system’s reliability and decrease the cost of electricity for consumers. The model is compared with a system that has no management of electricity consumption to assess the impact of demand-side flexibility on the share of renewables on the energy balance of the system and the system’s reliability.</p>

show abstract

“…2222 is that higher levels of variable renewable energy increase the need for power system flexibility and ancillary services, both of which DERs could provide. Through energy shifting, DERs can reduce net load ramps, renewable energy curtailment, and ramping and cycling for natural gas combined cycle plants, leading to overall system operational cost savings (Zhou and Mai 2021). Distributed storage, demand response, and other DERs can shift load or modulate load to provide ancillary services that are essential in maintaining power quality, reliability, and security (MacDonald et al 2012).…”

Section: Values Of Distributed Energy Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Distributed storage, demand response, and other DERs can shift load or modulate load to provide ancillary services that are essential in maintaining power quality, reliability, and security (MacDonald et al 2012). In a future where more of the transportation, buildings, and industrial loads are electrified, the available capacity of DERs is expected to increase and they will play a greater role in replacing fossil fuel generators to provide power system flexibility and ancillary services, leading to significant carbon emission reductions (Zhou and Mai 2021).…”

Section: Values Of Distributed Energy Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%