Electricity production

Dempsey, Lindsay; Forsberg, Charles W.; Dolan, Thomas J.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-101126-3.00002-6

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Many key industrial and scientific processes, such as the generation of nuclear energy, are of enormous social benefit as energy demand and consumption grow over time [7]. In addition, nuclear applications of combined cycles have been the subjects of a recent investigation [8], including small modular reactors (SMRs) [9] and high-temperature reactors for combined electricity/hydrogen production [10]. Safety is the most important aspect to consider in the design and construction stages of a nuclear power plant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Technological Evolution of Materials Requirements Included in Reactor Pressure Vessel Manufacturing Codes

Rodríguez-Prieto

Frigione

Kickhofel³

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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The growth of green energy technologies within the frame of the 7th Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) along with the concern about climatic changes make nuclear energy an attractive choice for many countries to ensure energy security and sustainable development as well as to actively address environmental issues. Unlike nuclear equipment (immovable goods), which are often well-catalogued and analyzed, the design and manufacturing codes and their standardized materials specifications can be considered movable and intangible goods that have not been thoroughly studied based on a detailed evaluation of the scientific and technical literature on the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) materials behavior. The aim of this work is the analysis of historical advances in materials properties research and associated standardized design codes requirements. The analysis, based on the consolidated U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Regulatory Guide (RG) 1.99 Rev.2 model, enables determination of the best materials options, corresponding to some of the most widely used material specifications such as WWER 15Kh2MFAA (used from the 1970s and 1980s; already in operation), ASME SA-533 Grade B Cl.1 (used in pressurized water reactor-PWR 2nd–4th; already in operation), DIN 20MnMoNi55 and DIN 22NiMoCr37 (used in PWR 2nd–4th) as well as ASTM A-336 Grade F22V (current designs). Consequently, in view of the results obtained, it can be concluded that the best options correspond to recently developed or well-established specifications used in the design of pressurized water reactors. These assessments endorse the fact that nuclear technology is continually improving, with safety being its fundamental pillar. In the future, further research related to the technical heritage from the evolution of materials requirements for other clean and sustainable power generation technologies will be performed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Technological Evolution of Materials Requirements Included in Reactor Pressure Vessel Manufacturing Codes

Rodríguez-Prieto

Frigione

Kickhofel³

et al. 2021

Sustainability

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Combined cycles are nowadays the most diffuse and efficient energy conversion technology for conventional power applications [12], in the standard air/steam configuration. Nuclear applications of combined cycles were the subjects of a recent investigation [13]. The proposed applications include small modular reactors (SMRs) [14] and high-temperature reactors for combined electricity/hydrogen production [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Analysis and Design of the Energy Conversion System for the Molten Salt Fast Reactor

et al. 2020

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The unique design features of the molten salt fast reactor (MSFR) should enable higher coolant temperatures than in conventional water reactors, with a significant improvement in the achievable thermodynamic performance. The use of a molten salt as both fuel and coolant, however, poses several advanced heat transfer challenges, such as the design of innovative heat exchangers and energy conversion systems. In this work, we address a preliminary but quantitative analysis of the energy conversion system for the MSFR, based on reference design data from the SAMOFAR H2020-EURATOM project. We consider three main technologies, i.e., the supercritical steam cycle, the closed helium cycle and the helium/steam combined cycle. Preliminary design results are presented for each technology, based on a simplified modelling approach. The considered cycles show promising efficiency improvements, with the best performance being proven by the supercritical steam cycle. The analysis also highlights the critical issue related to the risk of freezing of the molten salts within the secondary heat exchangers, due to the low inlet temperatures of the working fluids. Results show potential incompatibility between the freezing point of molten salts and the temperatures typical of steam cycles, while helium cycles offer the best chances of freezing avoidance. The combined cycle promises intermediate performance in terms of thermodynamic efficiency and thermal compatibility with molten salts comparable with closed helium cycles.

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Electricity production

Cited by 2 publications

References 8 publications

Analysis of the Technological Evolution of Materials Requirements Included in Reactor Pressure Vessel Manufacturing Codes

Analysis of the Technological Evolution of Materials Requirements Included in Reactor Pressure Vessel Manufacturing Codes

Preliminary Analysis and Design of the Energy Conversion System for the Molten Salt Fast Reactor

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