Electricity Powering Combustion: Hydrogen Engines

Verhelst, Sebastian; Wallner, Thomas; Eichlseder, Helmut; Naganuma, Kaname; Gerbig, Frank; Boyer, Brad; Tanno, Shiro

doi:10.1109/jproc.2011.2150190

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The engine performance provided by the load control strategy mentioned above is shown in the map in Figure 6, as a result of intensive research carried out on a single-cylinder engine at BMW [16]. This result was later scaled to the 12 cylinders case, for implementation in a demonstration vehicle.…”

Section: Load Control Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the use of cryogenic PFI, the peak torque is increased by 25% to approximately 12.8 bar IMEP at the same engine speed [16]. Furthermore, greater charge density while using a qualitative load control strategy results in proportionally higher IMEP throughout the engine operating range.…”

Section: Advanced Technology Hydrogen Engines Cryogenic Port Fuel Injmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, greater charge density while using a qualitative load control strategy results in proportionally higher IMEP throughout the engine operating range. This effectively expands the 42% ITE operating range because air/fuel ratio is a key factor impacting efficiency in this engine [16]. Another benefit of using cryogenic PFI is improved knock resistance which allows spark timing to be optimized where it was previously limited by knock, namely during high load operation [16].…”

Section: Advanced Technology Hydrogen Engines Cryogenic Port Fuel Injmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Update on the Progress of Hydrogen-Fueled Internal Combustion Engines

Verhelst

Demuynck

Sierens

et al. 2013

Renewable Hydrogen Technologies

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This chapter provides an overview on the use of hydrogen as a fuel for internal combustion engines. First, pros and cons are discussed for using hydrogen to fuel internal combustion engines versus fuel cells. Then, the properties of hydrogen pertinent to engine operation are briefly reviewed, after which the present state-of-the-art of hydrogen engines is discussed.Ongoing research efforts are highlighted next, which primarily aim at maximizing engine efficiency throughout the load range, while keeping emissions at ultra-low levels. Finally, the challenges for reaching these goals and translating lab results to production are discussed. KeywordsHydrogen, internal combustion engine, efficiency, port fuel injection, direct injection, transportation, vehicles, sustainable Introduction H 2 -ICE vs. fuel cellThe interest in hydrogen as an energy carrier or buffer is explained in detail throughout this book. A lot of research effort has gone into the development of the hydrogen-fueled fuel cells for stationary or transport applications as also discussed elsewhere. Fuel cells are attractive for their high efficiency potential throughout the load range with their high efficiency at part Page 2 load operation being of particular interest to transportation applications. Furthermore, they are relatively quiet and only emit water vapor as the reaction product. Much less attention has been devoted to internal combustion engines (ICEs) using hydrogen as fuel. The ICE is often readily dismissed as a future prime mover, for its low efficiency (particularly at part load), and pollutant emissions. However, as discussed in this chapter, because of hydrogen's unique properties, it is possible to substantially increase the ICE's efficiency when operated on hydrogen. When using high temperature oxidation of fuel to produce power, i.e. combustion, the formation of oxides of nitrogen (NO and NO 2 , collectively termed NO X ) is possible, which is a disadvantage compared to the low temperature oxidation in fuel cells.Again, the unique properties of hydrogen allow the emission of NO X to be ultra-low if adequate measures are taken, as explained below.More importantly, ICEs have the very interesting feature of being able to operate on different fuels. This "flex-fuel" ability is an advantage for introducing hydrogen vehicles to the marketplace. First, this can assist with the gradual build-up of a hydrogen fueling infrastructure, and secondly, this can alleviate the on-board storage challenge, with a second fuel (e.g. gasoline) essentially serving as a "range extender". The much lower cost of a hydrogen-fueled ICE compared to a fuel cell is another advantage that can help with setting up demonstration fleets etc., with the HyNor project vehicle fleet being a prime example (see http://hynor.no). The lower cost not only applies to the ICE itself, but also to the fuel: the ICE can handle lower purity hydrogen without any problems.The hydrogen-fueled ICE has thus been recognized as being a compelling bridging technology to introduce h...

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Section: Load Control Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Advanced Technology Hydrogen Engines Cryogenic Port Fuel Injmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Advanced Technology Hydrogen Engines Cryogenic Port Fuel Injmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Update on the Progress of Hydrogen-Fueled Internal Combustion Engines

Verhelst

Demuynck

Sierens

et al. 2013

Renewable Hydrogen Technologies

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“…The following values may serve as a reference point for the efficiency figures mentioned in this section: modern gasoline engines achieve peak brake thermal efficiencies (BTE) of 36%, while diesels 165 reach 44% [20].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Promising results have also been reported 235 using hydrogen in direct injection compression ignition engines. The reader is referred to [6,20] for more information on this.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the renewable transportation fuels, hydrogen and methanol formed from hydrogen, with gasoline – Engine efficiency study

Vancoillie

Demuynck

Sileghem

et al. 2012

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

107

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The use of hydrogen derived methanol in spark-ignition engines forms a promising approach to decarbonizing transport and securing domestic energy supply. Methanol can be renewably produced from hydrogen in combination 10 with biomass or CO 2 from the atmosphere and flue gases. From well to tank studies it appears that hydrogen derived methanol compares favourably with liquid or compressed hydrogen both in terms of production cost and energy efficiency. Since existing well to wheel studies are based on outdated technology, this paper tries to provide efficiency figures for state-of-the-art 15 hydrogen and methanol engines using published data and measurements on our own flex-fuel engine.Both fuels offer a great potential for efficiency improvements compared to gasoline engines thanks to a variety of favourable properties. However, there is a clear distinction between engines specifically designed for hydro-20 gen or methanol operation and flex-fuel engines, which should also run on gasoline. For dedicated engines, the literature indicates that peak brake thermal efficiencies up to 45% and 42% are possible on hydrogen and methanol respectively. The ability to employ qualitative load control instead of throttling enables relative efficiency improvements compared to gasoline between 25 10-20% due to reduced pumping losses in part load. On our flex fuel engine, operation on hydrogen using qualitative load control enabled the highest efficiencies, especially at low loads, where improvements up to 40% relative to gasoline were possible. At elevated loads, rising NO x emissions necessitated a switch to throttled stoichiometric operation, resulting in efficiencies compa- (5-10% relative to gasoline), but can be retained over the entire load range. These improvements are mostly due to reduced pumping losses, increased burning velocities and a slight decrease in cooling losses. Future well-to-wheel studies should take this considerable potential for ef- 35ficiency improvements into consideration and should also distinguish between dedicated and flex-fuel engines.

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Hydrogen-Fueled Spark Ignition Engines

Verhelst

Turner

2023

Green Energy and Technology

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Electricity Powering Combustion: Hydrogen Engines

Cited by 27 publications

References 30 publications

Update on the Progress of Hydrogen-Fueled Internal Combustion Engines

Update on the Progress of Hydrogen-Fueled Internal Combustion Engines

Comparison of the renewable transportation fuels, hydrogen and methanol formed from hydrogen, with gasoline – Engine efficiency study

Hydrogen-Fueled Spark Ignition Engines

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