Electricity Generation from Phase Transitions between Liquid and Gaseous Water

Shao, B.; Song, Yuhang; Song, Zheheng; Wang, Yanan; Wang, Yusheng; Liu, Ruiyuan; Sun, Baoquan

doi:10.1002/aenm.202204091

Cited by 37 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 176 publications

(343 reference statements)

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“…Dutch physicist Peter Joseph William Debye defined the distance that an electric charge or field can travel in a plasma as the Debye length ( λ D ), [ 13,17,31,32 ] and the corresponding Debye–Hückel equation can be described as following:

\begin{equation} {\lambda}_{\mathrm{D}}=\sqrt{\frac{\varepsilon {\varepsilon}_{0}\textit{RT}}{2{n}_{\mathrm{bulk}}{z}^{2}{F}^{2}}}\ \end{equation}

where ε , ε 0 , n bulk , and z are the permittivity of water, the permittivity of a vacuum, the concentration of the solution, and the valence number, respectively. F , T , and R represent the Faraday constant, the absolute temperature, and the universal gas constant, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Flexible Tough Hydrovoltaic Coating for Wearable Sensing Electronics

Zheng

et al. 2023

Advanced Materials

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The lack of strong binding mechanism between nanomaterials severely restricts the advantages of evaporation‐driven hyhrovoltaic effect in wearable sensing electronics. It's a challenging task to observably improve the mechanical toughness and flexibility of hyhrovoltaic devices to match the wearable demand without abandoning the nanostructures and surface function. Here, we developed a flexible tough PAN/Al2O3 hydrovoltaic coating with both good electricity generation (open circuit voltage∼3.18 V) and sensitive ion sensing (2285 V M−1 for NaCl solutions in 10−4‐10−3 M) capabilities. The porous nanostructure composed of Al2O3 nanoparticles is firmly locked by the strong binding effect of PAN, giving a critical binding force 4 times than that of Al2O3 film to easily deal with 9.92 m s−1 strong waterflow impact. Finally, skin‐tight and non‐contact device structures were proposed to achieve wearable multifunctional self‐powered sensing directly using sweat. The flexible tough PAN/Al2O3 hydrovoltaic coating breaks through the mechanical brittleness limitation and broadens the applications of evaporation‐induced hydrovoltaic effect in self‐powered wearable sensing electronics.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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\begin{equation} {\lambda}_{\mathrm{D}}=\sqrt{\frac{\varepsilon {\varepsilon}_{0}\textit{RT}}{2{n}_{\mathrm{bulk}}{z}^{2}{F}^{2}}}\ \end{equation}

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dutch physicist Peter Joseph William Debye defined the distance that an electric charge or field can travel in a plasma as the Debye length (𝜆 D ), [13,17,31,32] and the corresponding Debye-Hückel equation can be described as following:…”

Section: Ion-sensing Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

A Flexible Tough Hydrovoltaic Coating for Wearable Sensing Electronics

Zheng

et al. 2023

Advanced Materials

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“…This structure enables the hydrophobic layer to block the transport of bulk liquid water, creating a sharp wet–dry boundary at the interface, which allows continuous humidity-independent electricity generation. A 1 cm × 1 cm Janus membrane generated a maximum output voltage and current of 0.35 V and 20 μA (278 μA/cm 3 ), respectively, using deionized (DI) water, and its volumetric energy density was 0.82 mWh/cm 3 , which is 2 orders of magnitude higher than that of previously reported WPGs and HPGs using liquid water under ambient conditions. , Furthermore, the Janus membrane maintained its performance at high humidity where evaporation is suppressed. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…If the solid surface contains dissociable functional groups, they can be hydrolyzed by water molecules, producing protons or ions. The flow of water through porous channels with charged surfaces or dissociable species can generate a streaming potential, which can be harnessed to generate electricity. − However, the lifespan of a water flow-induced power generator (WPG) is relatively short since the power output significantly decreases when the porous channels between the two end electrodes become filled with water. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Janus Membrane-Based Hydrovoltaic Power Generation with Enhanced Performance under Suppressed Evaporation Conditions

Eun,

Jeon

2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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We developed a novel hydrovoltaic power generator (HPG) using a Janus bilayer membrane with an asymmetric wettability. The Janus bilayer membrane was fabricated by stacking a hydrophobic graphene oxide (GO)-cellulose nanofiber (CNF) composite layer on a hydrophilic GO−CNF composite layer. Water supplied through the hydrophilic layer stops at the surface of the hydrophobic layer, producing separate wet and dry regions within the thin bilayer. Protons and sodium ions dissociate from oxygencontaining functional groups in the hydrophilic GO−CNF layer and migrate toward the hydrophobic layer, resulting in a maximum output voltage and current of 0.35 V and 20 μA, respectively, in deionized (DI) water. By replacement of DI water with a 0.6 M NaCl solution (i.e., the concentration of seawater), the output voltage and current were further increased to 0.55 V and 60 μA, respectively. This performance was consistent not only under low humidity due to the water supply but also under high humidity, where evaporation was restricted, indicating humidity-independent performance. The asymmetric wettability of the membrane remained stable throughout the experiment (7 days), enabling continuous power generation.

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“…HEGs can be designed and fabricated to harvest energy from water in its various forms, including bulk water, water droplets, and gaseous water, via hydrovoltaic effects. [8][9][10][11][12] Therefore, with their low environmental dependence, HEGs have emerged as a sustainable and environmental friendly energy harvesting technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion‐Diode‐Like Heterojunction for Improving Electricity Generation from Water Droplets by Capillary Infiltration

Wang

et al. 2023

Advanced Materials

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Water‐droplet‐based electricity generators are emerging hydrovoltaic technologies that harvest energy from water circulation through strong interactions between water and nanomaterials. However, such devices exhibit poor current performance owing to their unclear driving force (evaporation or infiltration) and undesirable reverse diffusion current. Herein, a water‐droplet‐based hydrovoltaic electricity generator induced by capillary infiltration with an asymmetric structure composed of a diode‐like heterojunction formed by negatively and positively charged materials is fabricated. This device can generate current densities of 160 and 450 µA cm−2 at room temperature and 65 °C, respectively. The heterojunction achieves a rectification ratio of 12, which effectively suppresses the reverse current caused by concentration differences. This results in an improved charge accumulation of ≈60 mC cm−2 in 1000 s, which is three times the value observed in the control device. When the area of the device is increased to 6 cm2, the current increases linearly to 1 mA, thus demonstrating the scale‐up potential of the generator. It has been proven that the streaming potential originates from capillary infiltration, and the presence of ion rectification. The proposed method of constructing ion‐diode‐like structures provides a new strategy for improving generator performance.

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Electricity Generation from Phase Transitions between Liquid and Gaseous Water

Abstract: Figure 4. a) Proposed mechanism and device configurations of evaporation-induced electricity generators. Schematic mechanisms for electricity generation based on b) streaming potential, c) evaporating potential, and d) ionovoltaic effect.

Cited by 37 publications

References 176 publications

A Flexible Tough Hydrovoltaic Coating for Wearable Sensing Electronics

A Flexible Tough Hydrovoltaic Coating for Wearable Sensing Electronics

Janus Membrane-Based Hydrovoltaic Power Generation with Enhanced Performance under Suppressed Evaporation Conditions

Ion‐Diode‐Like Heterojunction for Improving Electricity Generation from Water Droplets by Capillary Infiltration

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