“…To date, various devices have been proposed to implement optical sensors, which are mainly based on the Mach-Zehnder interferometer [13], surface plasmons [6,7,[13][14][15], Bragg gratings [16,17], photonic crystals [18], and whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators [19]. WGM resonators can be constructed in various configurations, such as microring, microdisk, microsphere, and microtoroid resonators [14,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. It has been proven that these configurations are well-qualified candidates to realize the optical refractive index sensors because of their high quality-factor, high sensitivity, small footprint, high response speed, low limit of detection (LoD), and simplicity of integration [27].…”