Electrical Tuning of Single Nitrogen-Vacancy Center Optical Transitions Enhanced by Photoinduced Fields

Bassett, Lee C.; Heremans, F. Joseph; Yale, Christopher G.; Buckley, Bob B.; Awschalom, D. D.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.107.266403

Cited by 112 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…27,28 As an alternative, electron irradiation and annealing can be used to convert existing substitutional nitrogen into NV centers. 29 Experiments have shown that the spectral properties of NV centers produced by electron irradiation are similar to the properties of as-grown NV centers. However, for the large energies required to create damage, the correspondingly large penetration depth creates NVs throughout the bulk diamond.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Diamond nitrogen-vacancy centers created by scanning focused helium ion beam and annealing

Huang

Santori

et al. 2013

Appl. Phys. Lett.

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confidence: 98%

Diamond nitrogen-vacancy centers created by scanning focused helium ion beam and annealing

Huang

Santori

et al. 2013

Appl. Phys. Lett.

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“…By applying a voltage to an on-chip electrode (Fig. 1a inset) we tune the optical transition frequencies of one centre (NV B) through the d.c. Stark effect [18,26] and bring the E y transitions of the two NV centres into resonance (Fig. 2a bottom).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Heralded entanglement between solid-state qubits separated by three metres

Bernien

Hensen

Pfaff

et al. 2013

Nature

1,033

1,062

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Quantum entanglement between spatially separated objects is one of the most intriguing phenomena in physics. The outcomes of independent measurements on entangled objects show correlations that cannot be explained by classical physics. Besides being of fundamental interest, entanglement is a unique resource for quantum information processing and communication. Entangled qubits can be used to establish private information or implement quantum logical gates [1,2]. Such capabilities are particularly useful when the entangled qubits are spatially separated [3][4][5], opening the opportunity to create highly connected quantum networks [6] or extend quantum cryptography to long distances [7,8]. Here we present a key experiment towards the realization of long-distance quantum networks with solid-state quantum registers. We have entangled two electron spin qubits in diamond that are separated by a three-meter distance. We establish this entanglement using a robust protocol based on local creation of spin-photon entanglement and a subsequent joint measurement of the photons. Detection of the photons heralds the projection of the spin qubits onto an entangled state. We verify the resulting non-local quantum correlations by performing single-shot readout [9] on the qubits in different bases. The long-distance entanglement reported here can be combined with recently achieved initialization, readout and entanglement operations [9-13] on local long-lived nuclear spin registers, enabling deterministic long-distance teleportation, quantum repeaters and extended quantum networks.A quantum network can be constructed by using entanglement to connect local processing nodes, each containing a register of well-controlled and long-lived qubits [6]. Solids are an attractive platform for such registers, as the use of nanofabrication and material design may enable well-controlled and scalable qubit systems [14]. The potential impact of quantum networks on science and technology has recently spurred research efforts towards generating entangled states of distant solid-state qubits [15][16][17][18][19][20][21].A prime candidate for a solid-state quantum register is the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defect centre in diamond. The NV centre combines a long-lived electronic spin (S=1) with a robust optical interface, enabling measurement and high-fidelity control of the spin qubit [15,[22][23][24]. Furthermore, the NV electron spin can be used to access and manipulate nearby nuclear spins [9-13], thereby forming a multi-qubit register. To use such registers in a quantum network requires a mechanism to coherently connect remote NV centres.Here we demonstrate the generation of entanglement between NV centre spin qubits in distant setups. We achieve this breakthrough by combining recently established spin initialization and single-shot readout techniques [9] with efficient resonant optical detection and feedback-based control over the optical transitions, all in a single experiment and executed with high fidelity. These results put solid-state qubits on ...

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“…The dc Stark effect has been used previously to tune 6,15 and stabilize 16 the emission energy of quantum defects in bulk diamond. Here, in a series of experiments, we demonstrate the ability to tune the emission energy of photonic device-coupled near-surface NV centers over a large tuning range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this dipole moment also enables electric field control of the defect's emission energy. 6,15,20,21 We provide this control through the addition of Ti/Au electrodes to this GaP-on-diamond photonics platform.In the photonic devices used in these experiments, …”

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confidence: 99%

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Frequency Control of Single Quantum Emitters in Integrated Photonic Circuits

et al. 2018

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Generating entangled graph states of qubits requires high entanglement rates, with efficient detection of multiple indistinguishable photons from separate qubits. Integrating defect-based qubits into photonic devices results in an enhanced photon collection efficiency, however, typically at the cost of a reduced defect emission energy homogeneity. Here, we demonstrate that the reduction in defect homogeneity in an integrated device can be partially offset by electric field tuning. Using photonic device-coupled implanted nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in a GaP-on-diamond platform, we demonstrate large field-dependent tuning ranges and partial stabilization of defect emission energies. These results address some of the challenges of chip-scale entanglement generation. 19 NV centers within ∼ 15 nm of the diamond surface, created via implantation and annealing, couple evanescently with the GaP layer. As a result of the static dipole moment of the defect's excited state, there is variation in emission energy both between different defects, due to variation in the local environment caused by implantation and processing damage, and in the emission energy of a single defect over time due to electric field fluctuations. However, this dipole moment also enables electric field control of the defect's emission energy. 6,15,20,21 We provide this control through the addition of Ti/Au electrodes to this GaP-on-diamond photonics platform.In the photonic devices used in these experiments, 22Measurements were performed between 12-14 K in a closed-cycle He cryostat. A 532 nm laser was used for optical excitation, focused onto the sample with a 0.7 NA microscope objective. Photoluminescence (PL) was collected from the grating coupler using the same objective, coupled into a grating spectrometer, and detected by a CCD camera (Figure 1(a)).The input and collection optical paths were separated by a 562 nm dichoric beamsplitter.Bias voltages were applied using a computer-controlled piezocontroller in the range of 0-100 V.We first demonstrate electric-field tuning of a waveguide-coupled NV center. Exciting We also electrically control the emission energy of a resonator-coupled NV center. We first tune the cavity mode of a waveguide-coupled disk resonator onto NV ZPL resonance via Xe gas deposition, while collecting the PL emission from the waveguide grating coupler.The Xe gas deposition results in a redshift of the resonator cavity mode. Figure 2 (b, left) shows the resulting Xe gas tuning curve for one disk resonator. Xe gas flow is halted from t ∼ 15 minutes to t ∼ 45 minutes to perform two voltage experiments and then resumed.NV centers that couple with the cavity mode are bright when in resonance with the cavity mode and not visible otherwise.19 There are several NV centers that couple to the cavity mode for this particular disk resonator. With the cavity mode tuned to resonance with two NV centers, we apply a square wave bias voltage (Figure 2(b)), and we see the two ZPL emission lines moving in response to the applied ...

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Electrical Tuning of Single Nitrogen-Vacancy Center Optical Transitions Enhanced by Photoinduced Fields

Cited by 112 publications

References 25 publications

Diamond nitrogen-vacancy centers created by scanning focused helium ion beam and annealing

Diamond nitrogen-vacancy centers created by scanning focused helium ion beam and annealing

Heralded entanglement between solid-state qubits separated by three metres

Frequency Control of Single Quantum Emitters in Integrated Photonic Circuits

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