Electrical treatment of non-united fractures

The Biologic Effects and the Therapeutic Mechanism of Action of Electric and Electromagnetic Field Stimulation on Bone and Cartilage: New Findings and a Review of Earlier Work

“…Numerous authors have reported remarkable success in treating these chronic conditions, [16][17][18][19] stress fractures, 20 osteotomies, [21][22] spinal fusions, [23][24][25] and acquired and congenital pseudoarthroses 26 with various forms of electrical stimulation. Unfortunately, the heterogeneity of trial design,…”

Electrical Enhancement of Bone Osteogenesis Usinga Totally Implantable DC Battery Disc 1.5V

“…Despite variations in the methods used for electrical enhancement of bone healing, similar positive results have been reported [13][14][15][16]. Furthermore, electrical stimulation produces osteogenesis significantly helps union where impaired bone healing exists and can be used in a wide variety of problems: delayed union and nonunion of bones with or without chronic infection and in failed posterior spinal fusion [17,18]. This work opens new doors for more investigation on high number of clinical cases and the duration required to assess the effectiveness of this methods.…”

Biophysical Enhancement in Fracture Healing: A Review of the Literature

“…However, the healing time averaged over 10 months [ 9 ]. Ahl T et al [ 10 ] found a significantly lower percentage (43%) of porosity and attributed seven of the 13 failures to the mobility of the descending limbs. Negative potentials are created by compression, and positive ones by voltage.…”