Electrical Testing of Cement-Based Materials: Role of Testing Techniques, Sample Conditioning

Spragg, Robert; Bu, Yiwen; Snyder, Kenneth A.; Bentz, Dale P.; Weiss, Jason

doi:10.5703/1288284315230

Cited by 54 publications

(49 citation statements)

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“…Generally, researchers consider that the Arrhenius equation (Eqs. (2) and (3)) can be reliable in describing the relationship between electrical conductivity and temperature (for temperature range of 0-50℃), and it is less temperature dependent when the temperature is higher than 50℃ (Spragg et al 2013;Chrisp et al 2001;Liu and Presuel-Moreno 2014). Moreover, with regard to recent research results (Panchmatia et al 2014), the equation is also applicable under a temperature of -18℃, therefore, it is possible to use it for investigating ice formation process.…”

Section: Theoretical Model For the Combined Effects Of Temperature Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, when the temperature is decreasing below the freezing point, the content of unfrozen water gradually decreases. According to existing understandings (Whittngton et al 1981;Katsura et al 1996;Sato and Beaudoin 2011;Spragg et al 2013), both temperature and moisture content have a significant influence on the electrical conductivity of concrete. Weiss et al (2012) suggested the relationship between electrical conductivity and degree of saturation of concrete under normal temperatures considering the porosity, connectivity of concrete and chemical composition of the pore solution (modified from the model of Archie (1942) in soil science).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimation of Ice Content in Mortar Based on Electrical Measurements under Freeze-Thaw Cycle

Wang

Gong

Zhang

et al. 2016

ACT

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Ice content is an essential factor that affects the internal pressure of cement-based materials during freeze-thaw cycles (FTCs). Since the electrical conductivity of mortar is closely related to its moisture content, it is possible to estimate the ice content based on electrical conductivity variation of mortar. As a result, the ice formation process during FTCs can be monitored. This paper proposed a model to estimate the ice content by applying electrical measurements and clarified the combined effects of temperature and moisture content for electrical conductivity of mortar. The ice content of mortar was estimated with the model by conducting the electrical test. The results are found in acceptable agreement with theoretical results from thermodynamic analysis, and the relationship between ice content and temperature is similar to existing calorimetric test results, which confirm the reliability of the model and the proposed test method.

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Section: Theoretical Model For the Combined Effects Of Temperature Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Ice Content in Mortar Based on Electrical Measurements under Freeze-Thaw Cycle

Wang

Gong

Zhang

et al. 2016

ACT

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“…Furthermore, it is worth mentioning that specific values of resistivity are dependent on a large number of factors that are independent to each pavement, including solution in the pores, degree of saturation, and temperature (Spragg, Bu, Snyder, Bentz, & Weiss, 2013;Spragg, Villani, et al, 2013). As such, specific ranges of resistivity values that will lead to premature deterioration are difficult to establish.…”

Section: Summary and Conclusion: Electrical Resistivity For Early Dementioning

confidence: 99%

Early Detection of Joint Distress in Portland Cement Concrete Pavements

Harris¹,

Farnam²,

Spragg³

et al. 2015

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The Joint Transportation Research Program serves as a vehicle for INDOT collaboration with higher education institutions and industry in Indiana to facilitate innovation that results in continuous improvement in the planning, design, construction, operation, management and economic efficiency of the Indiana transportation infrastructure. https://engineering.purdue.edu/JTRP/index_html AbstractINDOT (as well as several surrounding states) have observed that certain concrete pavements may show a susceptibility to joint deterioration. Unfortunately, by the time that this joint deterioration is observed it is often too late and costly partial depth repairs are needed. The deterioration is generally occurring in the joint behind the backer rod and joint sealant; as such, it is difficult to detect even if one is standing directly above the joint. This project investigated the use of electrical resistivity and ground penetrating radar as two techniques to detect premature joint deterioration. The thought process was that if the joint deterioration is determined at an early stage, low cost corrective actions can be taken to extend the life of the concrete. The electrical response was measured for mortars subjected to a temperature cycle from 23 °C to -35 °C, with varying degrees of saturation, and varying salt concentrations. The resistivity increased as the degree of saturation was reduced due to the reduction in the volume of the conductive medium and increase in tortuosity. Changes in resistivity were detected when cracking occurred in the sample. The magnitude of these changes was similar to that detected using changes in the ultrasonic wave speed. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) was used effectively to detect fluid accumulation in the saw-cut joint behind the joint sealant. The typical GPR waveforms are however difficult and time consuming to interpret. A signal processing approach called, referred to as the CID, was used to obtain a single number that reflects the potential for fluid in the joint. Scalar waveform features and the computed CID can be used to estimate which joints may contain fluid thereby providing insights into which joint sealant sections may need to be repaired or when a sufficient number of joints may contain fluid suggesting a larger joint maintenance effort be performed to seal the joints or the concrete.17.

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“…As such, field testing for quality control, qualification, and verification is important. In addition, several new testing procedures are being developed that can save time, money or provide additional data; however, deploying these new technologies in practice is often difficult (Castro et al, 2010;Graveen, 2001;Miller, 2014;Spragg, Bu, Snyder, Bentz, & Weiss, 2013). The MIMTL was also used to investigate other infrastructure materials that are commonly used in the State of Indiana.…”

Section: Research Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Resistivity is a tool that can assess the consistency and durability of a concrete mixture (Spragg et al, 2013). Coupled with the laptop and a tool to estimate the pore solution chemistry, the formation factor of concrete mixtures can be determined (Spragg, Qiao, Barrett, & Weiss, 2016;Weiss, Barrett, Qiao, & Todak, 2016).…”

Section: Overview and Capabilities Of The Mimtlmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mobile Concrete Laboratory to Support Quality Concrete, Technology Transfer, and Training

Wilson¹,

Todd²,

Barrett³

et al. 2017

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JOINT TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PROGRAMThe Joint Transportation Research Program serves as a vehicle for INDOT collaboration with higher education institutions and industry in Indiana to facilitate innovation that results in continuous improvement in the planning, design, construction, operation, management and economic efficiency of the Indiana transportation infrastructure. https://engineering.purdue.edu/JTRP/index_html Published reports of the Joint Transportation Research Program are available at http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/jtrp/. NOTICEThe contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views and policies of the Indiana Department of Transportation or the Federal Highway Administration. The report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. COPYRIGHT AbstractThis report is a summary of work performed by the Mobile Infrastructure Materials Testing Laboratory (MIMTL) as a part of the Joint Transportation Research Program (JTRP) through SPR-3858. The development of the MIMTL began in February of 2014 and it became fully operational by June of 2014. The MIMTL was deployed in the field for a total of 46 days. This report describes the activities of the MIMTL as of December 2015. The MIMTL was involved in the field testing of concrete bridges, concrete pavements, and asphalt pavements. This report describes the development of the mobile testing laboratory and provides some examples of how the MIMTL was used. The main highlights of the MIMTL's implementation are as follows:• The MIMTL's high mobility and extensive inventory of research equipment allowed graduate students and researchers to conduct field studies on a wide range of infrastructure materials to accomplish the research objectives of their specific projects. More extensive details of the background, objectives, methods, findings, results and implementation from those projects can be found in the respective reports for those projects;• The MIMTL supported a culture of safety that allowed students to work safely on jobsites in the State of Indiana ranging from roadside interstates, rural country roads, to ready-mix batching plants, often around heavy equipment, traffic, and in close quarters. During the operation of the MTIML described in this report, there were zero workplace accidents, and zero near misses reported;• The MIMTL was designed as a 14-foot trailer to be towed to plants and jobsites using a pickup truck and has essential equipment for performing a wide range of tests on fresh and hardening concrete as well as asphalt. It has been used for three main applications: internally cured (IC) concrete, high early strength (HES) concrete patching, and asphalt tack coats (chip seal). FindingsThe MIMTL safely and effectively provided support and guidance to: N Multiple graduate students and INDOT research projects with zero workplace accidents and zero near misses while attending different types...

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Electrical Testing of Cement-Based Materials: Role of Testing Techniques, Sample Conditioning

Cited by 54 publications

References 0 publications

Estimation of Ice Content in Mortar Based on Electrical Measurements under Freeze-Thaw Cycle

Estimation of Ice Content in Mortar Based on Electrical Measurements under Freeze-Thaw Cycle

Early Detection of Joint Distress in Portland Cement Concrete Pavements

A Mobile Concrete Laboratory to Support Quality Concrete, Technology Transfer, and Training

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