Electrical stimulation with Pt electrodes. IV. Factors influencing Pt dissolution in inorganic saline

McHardy, J.; Robblee, Lois S.; Marston, J.M.; Brummer, S. B.

doi:10.1016/0142-9612(80)90034-4

Cited by 79 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…A dissymmetry between the positive and negative phase is observed in terms of the injected charge (0.9 × 10 −5 C/cm 2 ) and is not, as might be expected for a 50% duty cycle high-amplitude voltage stimuli, compensated for in the discharge phase [44][45][46]. However, the stability of the injection current demonstrates that this does not affect the electrodes' functional reliability.…”

Section: Microelectrode Evaluation Under Long-term Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 82%

A microelectrode array (MEA) integrated with clustering structures for investigating in vitro neurodynamics in confined interconnected sub-populations of neurons

Berdondini

Chiappalone

Wal

et al. 2006

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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Understanding how the information is coded in large neuronal networks is one of the major challenges for neuroscience. A possible approach to investigate the information processing capabilities of the neuronal ensembles is given by the use of dissociated neuronal cultures coupled to microelectrode arrays (MEAs).Here, we describe a new strategy, based on MEAs, for studying in vitro neuronal network dynamics in interconnected sub-populations of cortical neurons. The rationale is to sub-divide the neuronal network into communicating clusters while preserving a high degree of functional connectivity within each confined sub-population, i.e. to achieve a compromise between a completely random large neuronal population and a patterned network, such as currently used with conventional MEAs.To this end, we have realized and functionally characterized a Pt microelectrode array with an integrated EPON SU-8 clustering structure, allowing to confine five relatively large yet interconnected spontaneously developing neuronal networks (i.e. thousands of cells). The clustering structure consists of five chambers of 3 mm in diameter interconnected via 800 m long and 300 m wide microchannels and is integrated on the MEA of 60 thin-film Pt electrodes of 30 m diameter. Tests of the Pt microelectrodes' stability under stimulation showed a stable behavior up to 35,000 voltage stimuli and the biocompatibility was assessed with the cultures of dissociated rat's cortical neurons achieving cultures' viability up to 60 days in vitro.Compared to conventional MEAs, the monitoring of spontaneous and evoked activity and the computation of the Post-Stimulus Time Histogram (PSTH) within the clusters clearly demonstrates: (i) the capability to selectively activate (through poly-synaptic pathways) specific network regions and (ii) the confinement of the network dynamics mainly in the highly connected sub-networks.

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Section: Microelectrode Evaluation Under Long-term Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 82%

A microelectrode array (MEA) integrated with clustering structures for investigating in vitro neurodynamics in confined interconnected sub-populations of neurons

Berdondini

Chiappalone

Wal

et al. 2006

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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“…Platin dissolution under electrical stimulation and its dependency on stimulus parameters and surrounding fluids were described elsewhere (McHardy, 1980;Robblee, 1980). One can also speculate that such 'asymmetrical stimulation' attracts cells to grow onto the electrode surface, which subsequently leads to higher impedances on the according contacts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Spontaneous increases in impedance following cochlear implantation: Suspected causes and management

Neuburger

Lenarz

Lesinski‐Schiedat

et al. 2009

International Journal of Audiology

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Modern cochlear implant systems deliver impulse transmission rates up to 50,000 pps. It emerged that the fast stimulation rates led to enhanced speech comprehension. Impedance measurement is an important aspect in cochlear implant testing procedures. Impedance values are a measure of the electrical resistance between the individual implant electrodes. Increased impedances were attributed frequently to inflammatory/tissue-related processes. In recent years, however, we have repeatedly found cases of impedance increase for which the inflammatory model did not provide a satisfactory explanation. The aim of this study is to evaluate increases in impedance in our cochlear implant population, to attempt to find their cause, and to formulate therapeutic hypotheses. In our cochlear implant programme (> 3000 recipients) we screened our database for impedance increases over time during device fitting. We found 16 patients with 18 affected ears in whom impedance increases were clearly demonstrated. We found that especially in cases without any sign of prior inflammation, increasing the pulse width of the stimulation strategy seems to be an effective tool to return increased impedances to normal levels.

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“…These noble metals do exhibit some corrosion during electrical stimulation, as shown by dissolution Black and Hannaker, 1979;McHardy et al, 1980;Robblee et al, 1980Robblee et al, , 1983a and the presence of metal in the neighboring tissue (Robblee et al, 1983b;Tivol et al, 1987). In addition to corrosion of the electrode, there is evidence of long-term toxic effects on the tissue from dissolution (Rosenberg et al, 1965;Rosenberg, 1971;Macquet and Theophanides, 1976).…”

Section: Materials Used As Electrodes For Charge Injection and Reversmentioning

confidence: 96%

Electrical stimulation of excitable tissue: design of efficacious and safe protocols

Merrill

Bikson

Jefferys

2005

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

1,752

1,639

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Electrical stimulation with Pt electrodes. IV. Factors influencing Pt dissolution in inorganic saline

Cited by 79 publications

References 12 publications

A microelectrode array (MEA) integrated with clustering structures for investigating in vitro neurodynamics in confined interconnected sub-populations of neurons

A microelectrode array (MEA) integrated with clustering structures for investigating in vitro neurodynamics in confined interconnected sub-populations of neurons

Spontaneous increases in impedance following cochlear implantation: Suspected causes and management

Electrical stimulation of excitable tissue: design of efficacious and safe protocols

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