Electrical Stimulation with Multichannel Electrodes in Deaf Patients

Strengths and difficulties in children with cochlear implants – Comparing self-reports with reports from parents and teachers

“…The first CI with multiple electrode channels was surgically inserted in an adult in Vienna, Austria, in 1977 [12,13]. In Sweden, the first CI operation in adults was performed in 1984 and in children with acquired deafness in 1990.…”

Cochlear Implants

“…These include electrodes inserted directly into the auditory nerve via holes drilled into the modiolus , electrodes inserted into the scala tympani via fenestrations made into the otic capsule following the compartmentalizing of the scala with Silastic Chouard 1980;, and ball electrodes placed into holes created in the otic capsule (Banfai et al 1984b;Banfai et al 1985). However, as discussed above, the most common approach has been to introduce the array along the scala tympani via an approach through the round window Burian et al 1980;Schindler and Bjorkroth 1979;Schindler et al 1987Schindler et al , 1993. It was essential that the surgical placement of the electrode array did not result in trauma that could lead to a reduction in the residual spiral ganglion cell population.…”

Psychophysical Data from Cochlear Implants: Relevance to Strategies for Rehabilitation

“…In addition to work in patients, psychophysical experiments in animals with cochlear implants have been conducted in three laboratories: in Melbourne by Black et al (1983), Clark et al (1972Clark et al ( , 1973, and Williams et al (1976); in Portland by Walloch et al (1980); and in Seattle by Pfingst et al (1979Pfingst et al ( , 1980 and . There are a number of advantages to using animal models for the investigation of cochlear implant psycho-* Locations of these programs and articles describing the approaches taken are as follows: Barcelona (Bosch et al, 1980); Bordeaux (Cazals et al, 1978); Copenhagen (Hansen and Lauridsen, 1975); Duren (Banfai et al, 1981); London (Fourcin et al, 1979); Los Angeles (House, 1976;House and Berliner, 1982); Melbourne (Clark et al, 1983); Palo Alto (Simmons, 1966;Simmons et al, 1984); Paris (Chouard et al, 1984); Salt Lake City (Eddington et al, 1978); San Francisco (Loeb et al, 1983a;Michelson, 1971); Trondheim (Gunderson et al, 1984); Vienna (Burian et al, 1980); and Zurich (Spillmann et al, 1982).…”