Electrical stimulation of the facial nerve.

Parsons, Eichard C.

doi:10.1288/00005537-196603000-00001

Cited by 24 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Electromyography (EMG) is recorded in surgery to monitor somatic efferent nerve activity and assess the functional integrity of individual nerves. First introduced in the 1960s as a means to assess facial nerve function during exploratory parotid surgery [ 84 , 85 ], EMG recording techniques were later adapted for intracranial [ 86 ], spinal [ 87 ], and peripheral nerve surgeries [ 88 ]. A large volume of literature devoted to EMG use during intracranial surgery is devoted to facial nerve monitoring in the cerebellopontine angle [ 89 , 90 ], and there is a growing number of reports on the use of this technique with the EEA to the skull base [ 18 , 19 , 26 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring for Endoscopic Endonasal Approaches to the Skull Base: A Technical Guide

Singh

Vogel²,

Lober

et al. 2016

Scientifica

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Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring during endoscopic, endonasal approaches to the skull base is both feasible and safe. Numerous reports have recently emerged from the literature evaluating the efficacy of different neuromonitoring tests during endonasal procedures, making them relatively well-studied. The authors report on a comprehensive, multimodality approach to monitoring the functional integrity of at risk nervous system structures, including the cerebral cortex, brainstem, cranial nerves, corticospinal tract, corticobulbar tract, and the thalamocortical somatosensory system during endonasal surgery of the skull base. The modalities employed include electroencephalography, somatosensory evoked potentials, free-running and electrically triggered electromyography, transcranial electric motor evoked potentials, and auditory evoked potentials. Methodological considerations as well as benefits and limitations are discussed. The authors argue that, while individual modalities have their limitations, multimodality neuromonitoring provides a real-time, comprehensive assessment of nervous system function and allows for safer, more aggressive management of skull base tumors via the endonasal route.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring for Endoscopic Endonasal Approaches to the Skull Base: A Technical Guide

Singh

Vogel²,

Lober

et al. 2016

Scientifica

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“…In 1898, Dr Fedor Krause first attempted to monitor the function of the facial nerve by using electrical stimulation during a cochlear nerve section for intractable tinnitus. Similar techniques were developed during the 1960s by Hilger, Jako, and Parsons for parotid gland and ear surgery, in which devices placed in the patient's mouth checked for facial movements and alerted the surgeon with a beep. Until the late 1970s, electrical stimulation in combination with intraoperative observation of contractile activity of facial muscles by an assistant remained the state of the art for facial nerve identification .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraoperative monitoring of marginal mandibular nerve during neck dissection

et al. 2018

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“…Recommendations for facial nerve stimulator levels have been made of 1 to 10 pulses per second, although these appear to be based upon those various authors' empirical experience ( 8,10,11 ). Square waves have been recommended as the optimal stimulus due to the rapid rise of the output ( 13 ). The cathode (negative terminal) should be applied to the nerve for depolarization since the positive terminal is able to produce anodal block and not stimulate as well ( 14 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability of Disposable Intraoperative Facial Nerve Stimulators

1997

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Facial nerve injury is one major morbidity of surgery performed along the course of this nerve. Surgeons frequently employ stimulators to identify and protect the nerve. Both disposable devices as well as larger, reusable stimulators are available. Despite their common use, relatively little documentation exists regarding the safety and reliability of these devices. We tested the electrical output of the four disposable, single-use motor nerve stimulators that are marketed in the United States. We found that each produced consistent stimulus output over time. One stimulator slightly exceeded the manufacturer's listed output while three devices produced significantly less voltage and current than specified by the manufacturer.

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Electrical stimulation of the facial nerve.

Cited by 24 publications

References 8 publications

Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring for Endoscopic Endonasal Approaches to the Skull Base: A Technical Guide

Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring for Endoscopic Endonasal Approaches to the Skull Base: A Technical Guide

Intraoperative monitoring of marginal mandibular nerve during neck dissection

Reliability of Disposable Intraoperative Facial Nerve Stimulators

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