Electrical Stimulation of Points in the Forebrain and Midbrain

Kabat, Herman; Magoun, H. W.; Ranson, S. W.

doi:10.1097/00005053-193703000-00031

Cited by 39 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…Thus, it is easy to propose that these three BST nuclei play a critical role in coordinating pelvic functions in general. Classic studies performed decades ago indicated that stimulation of many forebrain and midbrain sites induces bladder contraction, urination, and defecation (Ranson et al, 1935;Kabat et al, 1936;Hess, 1949;Gjone, 1966;Monnier, 1968;Appenzeller, 1990). These regions included many hypothalamic and lower brainstem structures innervated by the BSTmg, BSTdm and BSTv, as discussed above.…”

Section: Functional Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Projections from bed nuclei of the stria terminalis, magnocellular nucleus: Implications for cerebral hemisphere regulation of micturition, defecation, and penile erection

Dong

Swanson

2005

J. Comp. Neurol.

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The basic structural organization of axonal projections from the small but distinct magnocellular and ventral nuclei (of the bed nuclei of the stria terminalis) were analyzed with the PHAL anterograde tract tracing method in adult male rats. The former's overall projection pattern is complex, with over 80 distinct terminal fields ipsilateral to injection sites. Innervated regions in the cerebral hemisphere and brainstem fall into 9 general functional categories: cerebral nuclei, behavior control column, orofacial motor-related, humorosensory/thirst-related, brainstem autonomic control network, neuroendocrine, hypothalamic visceromotor pattern generator network, thalamocortical feedback loops, and behavioral state control. The most novel findings indicate that the magnocellular nucleus projects to virtually all known major parts of the brain network that controls pelvic functions including micturition, defecation, and penile erection-as well as to brain networks controlling nutrient and body water homeostasis. This and other evidence suggests that the magnocellular nucleus is part of a cortico-striatopallidal differentiation modulating and coordinating pelvic functions with the maintenance of nutrient and body water homeostasis. Projections of the ventral nucleus are a subset of those generated by the magnocellular nucleus, with the obvious difference that the ventral nucleus does not project detectably to Barrington's nucleus, the subfornical organ, the median preoptic and parastrial nuclei, the neuroendocrine system, and midbrain orofacial motor-related regions.

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Section: Functional Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Projections from bed nuclei of the stria terminalis, magnocellular nucleus: Implications for cerebral hemisphere regulation of micturition, defecation, and penile erection

Dong

Swanson

2005

J. Comp. Neurol.

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“…Direct evidence for their involvement in cardiovascular control has come from animal studies. Specifically, Kabat et al 9 showed that periaqueductal gray (PAG) area stimulation in cats can alter BP, later characterized as part of the defense reaction with associated emotional and autonomic responses. [10][11][12] Similarly, Eldridge et al 13 demonstrated that stimulation of the midbrain locomotor region which is equivalent to the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in humans drives locomotion and cardiorespiratory responses in decorticate cats, independent of feedback from contracting muscles.…”

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confidence: 99%

Differentiated Baroreflex Modulation of Sympathetic Nerve Activity During Deep Brain Stimulation in Humans

et al. 2014

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Targeted electric deep brain stimulation in midbrain nuclei in humans alters cardiovascular parameters, presumably by modulating autonomic and baroreflex function. Baroreflex modulation of sympathetic outflow is crucial for cardiovascular regulation and is hypothesized to occur at 2 distinct brain locations. The aim of this study was to evaluate sympathetic outflow in humans with deep brain stimulating electrodes during ON and OFF stimulation of specific midbrain nuclei known to regulate cardiovascular function. Multiunit muscle sympathetic nerve activity was recorded in 17 patients undergoing deep brain stimulation for treatment of chronic neuropathic pain (n=7) and Parkinson disease (n=10). Sympathetic outflow was recorded during ON and OFF stimulation. Arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory frequency were monitored during the recording session, and spontaneous vasomotor and cardiac baroreflex sensitivity were assessed. Head-up tilt testing was performed separately in the patients with Parkinson disease postoperatively. Stimulation of the dorsal most part of the subthalamic nucleus and ventrolateral periaqueductal gray resulted in improved vasomotor baroreflex sensitivity, decreased burst frequency and blood pressure, unchanged burst amplitude distribution, and a reduced fall in blood pressure after tilt. Stimulation of the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray resulted in a shift in burst amplitude distribution toward larger amplitudes, decreased spontaneous beat-to-beat blood pressure variability, and unchanged burst frequency, baroreflex sensitivity, and blood pressure. Our results indicate that a differentiated regulation of sympathetic outflow occurs in the subthalamic nucleus and periaqueductal gray. These results may have implications in our understanding of abnormal sympathetic discharge in cardiovascular disease and provide an opportunity for therapeutic targeting.

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“…There have been an enormous bulk of reports on stimulation and destruction of the hypothalamus since the monumental work of Karplus andKreidl (1909-1927)49). Beattie and his associates (1930, 1932)11,12) concluded from their experiments that the part of the hypothalamus posterior to the line between the anterior border of the superior colliculus and the posterior edge of the optic chiasm was a sympathetic center, while the anterior hypothalamus, anterior to the line, which he called "supra-optic-posterior pituitary-tuber cinereum complex" was a parasympathetic center.…”

Section: ) Stimulation and Destruction Of The Hypothalamusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedative Neurosurgery

Sano

1962

Neurol. Med. Chir.(Tokyo)

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Electrical Stimulation of Points in the Forebrain and Midbrain

Cited by 39 publications

References 0 publications

Projections from bed nuclei of the stria terminalis, magnocellular nucleus: Implications for cerebral hemisphere regulation of micturition, defecation, and penile erection

Projections from bed nuclei of the stria terminalis, magnocellular nucleus: Implications for cerebral hemisphere regulation of micturition, defecation, and penile erection

Differentiated Baroreflex Modulation of Sympathetic Nerve Activity During Deep Brain Stimulation in Humans

Sedative Neurosurgery

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