Electrical stimulation of monkeys' prefrontal cortex during delayed-response performance.

Stamm, John S.

doi:10.1037/h0027294

Cited by 87 publications

(45 citation statements)

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“…When the interfering effect of distractors is removed (e.g., by darkening the testing chamber) during trial-unique tasks such as delayed response, monkeys with far frontal resections perform the task as well as their controls (Malmo, 1942;Pribram, 1961). The effects of interference occur primarily during stimulus presentation or shortly thereafter, not during the delay period (Pribram, 1961;Stamm, 1969). Interference therefore affects the organization of a perceptual context within which subsequent performance occurs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical involvement in visual scan in the monkey

Bolster

Pribram

1993

Perception & Psychophysics

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Monkeys performed a visual search task for food reward. Green square targets were embedded in 3 x 3 arrays of colored forms. In distinct-feature arrays, all nontarget stimuli were red diamonds, whereas in shared-feature arrays, some nontarget stimuli shared either form (red square) or color (green diamond) with the target. Reaction time was slower for shared-feature arrays and linearly related to the number of shared-feature distractors. Errors were more common in sharedfeature arrays, and shared-feature distractors were mistaken for targets more frequently than distinct-feature distractors. Event-related local field potentials were recorded from implanted transcortical electrodes. Significant task-related differences were obtained from association cortex, but not from projection cortex. Results are discussed in terms of the relative contribution of inferotemporal, dorsolateral frontal, and parietal cortex to feature-driven visual scan.Some 30 years ago, J. Z. Young (1962) developed the theme that the primary sensory projection systems of the brain have evolved to map the sensory environment, whereas the more intrinsically connected "association" cortex performs abstract computations on the mapping functions. In discussing this paper, one of us (Pribram, 1962) presented evidence that such abstract computations were composed by sampling the maps in a top-down fashion. More recently, a great deal of interest has been generated by Schneider and Shiffrin's (for a review, see Schneider, Dumais, & Shiffrin, 1984) observations of the conditions that predispose humans toward automatic as opposed to those which predispose them toward controlled processing of sensory input. Automatic processing was considered to operate simultaneously on maps of the input; controlled processing was considered to entail scans (searches) of the input.Additional experiments by Efron have called attention to the fact that a variety of hitherto conflicting or unexplained observations-especially with regard to differences in hemispheric function-can be understood in terms of the order in which sensory input is sampled, or scanned (for a review, see Efron, 1990). Scanning wasThe authors are indebted to Sharon E. Hendricks for collection and analysis of data reported in Experiment I, and to Margaret J. Harrington, Stephen D. Cutcomb, and Ronald M. Ruff for assistance in surgery, computer programming, and data collection in Experiment 2. Funding for this research was provided by grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada to R.B., and from NIHINIMH to K.H.P. Correspondence should be addressed to K. H. Pribram, Center for Brain Research and Informational Sciences, Radford University, Box 6977, Radford, VA 24142. shown to occur during a postexposure period and thus to be independent of eye movement. Some central brain process, shown to be influenced by experience, was inferred to be responsible.In monkeys, several experiments have been carried out in our laboratory to investigate whether indeed the sensory project...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical involvement in visual scan in the monkey

Bolster

Pribram

1993

Perception & Psychophysics

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“…18 ' 19 < 32 ' 34 > 58 ' 78 -79 Further behavioral and physiologic studies have shown that the middle-third and caudal part of the principalis are the critical sites for delayed response tasks. 9 -56 ' 85 The afferent input from peristriate and intraparietal regions may subserve the visuospatial and visuomotor aspects of delayed responses. In addition, projections from somatosensory, premotor and limbic cortices to the middle and caudal principalis may contribute to the additional aspects of delayedresponse tasks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, even though the prearcuate cortex lining the principal sulcus has been Abbreviation: HRP, horseradish peroxidase. considered essential for tasks based on delayed responses 4 ' 7 ' 19 ' 20 ' 25 ' 59 ' 79 -86 there is evidence that it is the middle third 9 ' 56 and the caudal part 85 of the banks of the principal sulcus which are crucial for the performance of these tasks. Consistent with these behavioral findings, it has been reported that neurons in the middle and caudal principalis regions fire in association with delayed response tasks.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cortical afferent input to the principals region of the rhesus monkey

1985

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Abstract-The sources of ipsilateral cortical afferent projections to regions along both banks of the principalis sulcus in the prefrontal cortex were studied with horseradish peroxidase in macaque monkeys. The principalis cortex receives a substantial proportion of its projections from neighboring prefrontal regions. However, differences were noted in the distribution of labeled cells projecting to the various principalis regions. These differences were most marked with respect to the relative proportion of cells originating in visual, auditory, somatosensory, premotor and limbic cortical areas. The findings indicate that the caudal ventral principalis region receives projections from both visual and visuomotor regions, whereas the anterior tip of the principalis appears to be the major target of projections from auditory association regions. The ventral bank at the middle extent of the principalis was the only case with a significant proportion of labeled cells in somatosensory association and premotor regions. There was a consistent increase in the proportion of labeled cells in limbic cortical areas projecting to more rostral principalis sites, irrespective of whether the injection was placed in the dorsal or ventral bank.These findings suggest that the caudal principalis region has a visual-visuomotor and the rostral, an auditorylimbic bias with respect to the long projections they receive.

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“…It has been known for a long time that lesions confined to the cortex lining the sulcus principalis result in severe impairments on certain spatial memory tasks, such as delayed alternation and delayed response (e.g., Mishkin, 1957;Gross and Weiskrantz, 1962;Butters and Pandya, 1969;Stamm, 1969;Goldman and Rosvold, 1970;Butters et al, 197 I ;Funahashi et al, 1993). Lesions, however, of the dorsal frontal cortex that spare the sulcus principalis do not cause an impairment in classical spatial delayed response (Goldman et al,197 1) and spatial delayed alternation tasks (Mishkin, 1957;Goldman and Rosvold, 1970) as well as in a spatial search task (Passingham, 1985a).…”

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confidence: 99%

Impairments on nonspatial self-ordered and externally ordered working memory tasks after lesions of the mid-dorsal part of the lateral frontal cortex in the monkey

1995

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Monkeys with lesions of the mid-dorsal part of the lateral frontal cortex, which extends above the sulcus principalis as far as the midline (MDL lesions), were shown to exhibit severe and long-lasting impairments on certain nonspatial working memory tasks: the self- ordered and externally ordered tasks (experiments 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, and 8). These tasks, which were modeled on similar ones previously used with patients, measure the capacity to monitor, within working memory, self-generated choices and the occurrence of externally ordered stimuli. Monkeys with lesions of the adjacent posterior dorsolateral frontal cortex, which surrounds the arcuate sulcus (PA lesions), performed as well as the normal control animals on these tasks. Experiments 4 and 5 showed that the critical variable accounting for the impairment on the self-ordered and externally ordered working memory tasks by monkeys with MDL lesions is the size of the set of stimuli that must be monitored. Furthermore, the MDL lesions did not affect basic recognition memory (experiment 6), or primacy and recency mnemonic effects [i.e., the capacity to discriminate between the initial (or final) items and other items in a list of stimuli (experiments 4 and 7), or the capacity to select from a set of stimuli on the basis of a learned fixed sequence (experiment 9)]. Thus, lesions of the mid-dorsal part of the lateral frontal cortex give rise to an impairment in working memory that depends on the size of the set of the stimuli that have to be monitored.

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Electrical stimulation of monkeys' prefrontal cortex during delayed-response performance.

Cited by 87 publications

References 6 publications

Cortical involvement in visual scan in the monkey

Cortical involvement in visual scan in the monkey

Cortical afferent input to the principals region of the rhesus monkey

Impairments on nonspatial self-ordered and externally ordered working memory tasks after lesions of the mid-dorsal part of the lateral frontal cortex in the monkey

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