Electrical stimulation of midbrain raphe: Biochemical, behavioral and bioelectrical effects

Kostowski, Wojciech; Giacalone, E.; Garattini, Silvio; Valzelli, L.

doi:10.1016/0014-2999(69)90006-5

Cited by 113 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This hyperpolarization is mediated through activation of inwardly rectifying K ϩ currents and is responsible for the synchronization of pyramidal cells at slow- frequency oscillations (Ͻ1 Hz; Contreras et al, 1996;Timofeev et al, 1999;Destexhe et al, 1999). During slowwave sleep, dorsal raphe neurons fire at similar frequencies (1.3 Hz; McGinty and Harper, 1976), and lowfrequency (2 Hz) discharges of raphe cells produce a high release of 5-HT in the forebrain and the clearest depression of behavior and electroencephalographic pattern (Kostowski et al, 1969). Additional electrophysiologic studies are necessary to elucidate the functional significance of the specific Pyr-axon compartmentalization for GABAergic and serotoninergic inputs in different populations of pyramidal cells.…”

Section: Functional Interpretation and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Pyramidal cell axons show a local specialization for GABA and 5‐HT inputs in monkey and human cerebral cortex

DeFelipe

Arellano

Gómez³

et al. 2001

J of Comparative Neurology

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Various mechanisms are thought to control excitation of pyramidal cells of the cerebral cortex. With immunocytochemical methods, we found that the proximal portions of numerous pyramidal cell axons (Pyr-axons) in the human and monkey neocortex are immunoreactive for the serotonin (5-HT) receptor 5-HT-(1A). With double-labeling experiments and confocal laser microscopy, we found that most (93.4%) of the 5-HT(1A)-immunoreactive Pyr-axons present in layers II and III were innervated by parvalbumin-immunoreactive chandelier cell axon terminals. In addition, Pyr-axons were compartmentalized: 5-HT-(1A) receptors were found proximal to inputs from chandelier cells. Although we found close appositions between GABAergic chandelier cell axon terminals and Pyr-axons, suggesting synaptic connections, we did not observe 5-HT-immunoreactive fibers in close proximity to the Pyr-axons. These results suggested that Pyr-axons are under the influence of 5-HT in a paracrine manner (via 5-HT-(1A) receptors) and, more distally, are under the influence of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in a synaptic manner (through the axons of chandelier cells). The local axonal specialization might represent a powerful inhibitory mechanism by which the responses of large populations of pyramidal cells can be globally controlled by subcortical serotonin afferents, in addition to local inputs from GABAergic interneurons.

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Section: Functional Interpretation and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Pyramidal cell axons show a local specialization for GABA and 5‐HT inputs in monkey and human cerebral cortex

DeFelipe

Arellano

Gómez³

et al. 2001

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…In this respect the response induced by ACh is comparable to that evoked by low frequency electrical stimulation of the raphe system (Kowstowski et al, 1969). However, the effect could be blocked or attenuated by the simultaneous perfusion of NA or by the prior perfusion of atropine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…NA invariably produced some degree of electrocortical desynchrony when perfused in concentrations of 10-5-10-3 M. When considered in terms of the total amount of NA applied during the 5 min perfusion period, these concentrations represent relatively substantial doses. However, similar perfusion studied within the mesencephalic reticular formation have shown that only a fraction of the applied NA, in the order of 0.39-119.2 ng respectively, will actually penetrate into the brain tissue (Key, 1975 (Kowstowski, Giacalonne, Garattini & Valzelli, 1969;Morgane & Stern, 1972;Jouvet, 1973 (Potter, Chubb, Put & Schaepdryver, 1971), or inhibit the uptake of catecholamines into adrenergic nerve terminals (Iversen, Salt & Wilson, 1972 (Alexander, Davis & Lefkowitz, 1975). In addition, phentolamine is known to produce non-specific inhibitory effects on certain fl-adrenergic physiological responses (Moran & Perkins, 1961) and on fl-adrenoceptor-coupled adenylate cyclase activity (Vatner & Lefkowitz, 1974).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrocortical Changes Induced by the Perfusion of Noradrenaline, Acetylcholine and Their Antagonists Directly Into the Dorsal Raphé Nucleus of the Cat

Key

Krzywoskinski

1977

British J Pharmacology

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I The electrocortical changes induced by the perfusion of drugs directly into the dorsal raphe nucleus of the cat encephale isole' preparation have been studied. 2 (-)-Noradrenaline (NA), (-)-adrenaline, or (-)isoprenaline (Isop) produced intermittent or sustained electrocortical desynchronization during the perfusion period. 3 These changes were markedly attenuated or completely abolished by the prior perfusion of (+)-sotalol or (-)-propranolol, but not by equimolecular concentrations of (+)-propranolol. 4 The effects of NA or Isop were also blocked by phentolamine, whereas phenoxybenzamine either potentiated the responses to NA and Isop or mimicked the effects of these catecholamines. 5The effect of dopamine was similar to that induced by NA, but could not be elicited at all of the perfusion sites where NA was effective. It could be blocked by (±)-sotalol or (-)-propranolol and also by the prior perfusion of fusaric acid. 6 Acetylcholine (ACh) increased, or initiated, electrocortical synchronization. These effects could be antagonized by sensory stimulation, the prior perfusion of atropine, or the simultaneous perfusion of NA at the same site. 7 Lignocaine, induced prolonged electrocortical desynchronization, behavioural alerting and an increased responsiveness to sensory stimulation. 8 The results have been discussed in relation to the possible involvement of inhibitory,-adrenoceptors and facilitatory cholinoceptors (muscarinic) in the functioning of the dorsal raphe nucleus.

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“…These data suggested that the two raphe nuclei arc most active during waking [7], Elec trical stimulation of midbrain raphe in rats induced the most marked increase of 5-H1AA and decrease of 5-HT in the forebrain at a stimulation rate of 10 Hz. but the clearest reduction of vigilance was observed at 2 Hz [27]. Stimulation of 5-HT nerve endings contained in the anterior hypothalamus even caused excitation [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of the Selective 5-Hydroxytryptamine Uptake Inhibitors Paroxetine and Zimeldine on EEG Sleep and Waking Stages in the Rat

Kleinlogel¹,

Bürki²

1987

Neuropsychobiology

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The effects of oral paroxetine and zimeldine on EEG sleep-waking phases in the rat were investigated over a wide dose range. To ascertain that at the doses used for the EEG studies paroxetine and zimeldine selectively affect the serotoninergic system, their effects on brain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), dopamine and noradrenaline were determined. It was found that paroxetine and zimeldine at doses of 1–18 mg/kg dose-dependently prolonged waking and shortened slow-wave sleep and paradoxical sleep. In the same dose range cortical 5-HT turnover was significantly reduced, whereas the other aminergic systems were not influenced. These results suggest that 5-HT uptake inhibitors increase vigilance in rats at oral doses which selectively stimulate the serotoninergic system.

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Electrical stimulation of midbrain raphe: Biochemical, behavioral and bioelectrical effects

Cited by 113 publications

References 15 publications

Pyramidal cell axons show a local specialization for GABA and 5‐HT inputs in monkey and human cerebral cortex

Pyramidal cell axons show a local specialization for GABA and 5‐HT inputs in monkey and human cerebral cortex

Electrocortical Changes Induced by the Perfusion of Noradrenaline, Acetylcholine and Their Antagonists Directly Into the Dorsal Raphé Nucleus of the Cat

Effects of the Selective 5-Hydroxytryptamine Uptake Inhibitors Paroxetine and Zimeldine on EEG Sleep and Waking Stages in the Rat

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