Electrical Responses of the Retinal Nerve and Optic Ganglion of the Squid

MacNichol, Edward F.; Love, Warner E.

doi:10.1126/science.132.3429.737

Cited by 23 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In addition, the magnitudes of the extrema were dependent on the dark duration before the light onset, suggesting a cellular adaptation that influences the magnitude of the retinal responses. Finally, extending previous findings the tuning properties based observed on the action potentials (17), some channels exhibited increased sensitivity to specific polarizations, and displayed varying refractory periods, suggesting the complexity of the neural dynamics involved. Together, these findings illustrated detailed neural responses across channels and various polarization, with the specific features of responding voltages that are both preserved and modified in response to the light stimuli.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Behavioral experiments demonstrate that cephalopods perceive polarization (9,13,14). The ultrastructure of the retina suggests a mechanism for differential absorption of different orientations of linear polarization (15)(16)(17)(18). Each retinal cell has highly oriented, parallel arrays of microvilli, and the retina is everted, with the photoreceptor cell layer close to the lens in the camera-type eye (19)(20)(21).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Enhancements in Squid Retinal Responses to Change of Polarizations in a Caustic Shallow Water

Cai,

Nikonov,

Sweeney

2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Marine animals with polarization vision are able to effectively detect moving objects in shallow waters, which are illuminated by dynamic fluctuations of downwelling light known as caustics. While behavioral studies across different animal species have demonstrated the support of polarization vision in moving object detection within this noisy environment, little is known about how their retinal photoreceptors, absorbing polarized photons, respond to moving objects, or how each photoreceptor contributes to the collective retinal reaction to changes in polarization. In this study, we employed multi-electrode array recordings to examine the retinal neural response of squid to polarized light stimuli that were designed to simulate caustics environment. Extracellular retinal recordings not only exhibit neural activities selective to the direction of polarization but also demonstrate a significant enhancement in response to stimuli with changing polarization compared to constant polarization. This enhancement is robust in almost all recording channels, but absent in a random permutation of the recordings from different trial types. These results suggest that the retinal photoreceptors directly encode the change of polarization stimuli, thereby contributing to signal detections with polarization vision. Together, our research represents a novel neural exploration of cephalopod polarization vision in a caustic environment, and advances our understanding of how nature parses scenes with salient, dynamic polarization in animal vision.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancements in Squid Retinal Responses to Change of Polarizations in a Caustic Shallow Water

Cai,

Nikonov,

Sweeney

2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Substantiation of such proposals has been difficult to obtain, however. Often subsequent studies have shown spikes in preparations where they were thought not to exist previously (Brock et al, 1962;Ruck, 1954;Hoyle, 1955;MacNichol and Love, 1960).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Organization of the Median Ocellus of the Dragonfly

Chappell

Dowling

1972

The Journal of General Physiology

108

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Intracellular responses from receptors and postsynaptic units have been recorded in the median ocellus of the dragonfly. The receptors respond to light with a graded, depolarizing potential and a single, tetrodotoxin-sensitive impulse at "on." The postsynaptic units (ocellar nerve dendrites) hyperpolarize during illumination and show a transient, depolarizing response at "off." The light-evoked slow potential responses of the postsynaptic units are not altered by the application of tetrodotoxin to the ocellus. It appears, therefore, that the graded receptor potential, which survives the application of tetrodotoxin, is responsible for mediating synaptic transmission in the ocellus. Comparison of pre-and postsynaptic slow potential activity shows (a) longer latencies in postsynaptic units by 5-20 msec, (b) enhanced photosensitivity in postsynaptic units by 1-2 log units, and (c) more transient responses in postsynaptic units. It is suggested that enhanced photosensitivity of postsynaptic activity is a result of summation of many receptors onto the postsynaptic elements, and that transients in the postsynaptic responses are related to the complex synaptic arrangements in the ocellar plexus to be described in the following paper.

show abstract

“…Mantle diameter was measured at its widest point. optic lobe of the brain respond within 25 ms following a flash stimulus (23), and much of the remaining delay time may reflect information processing by giant interneurons that drive the giant motor axons in the stellar nerves. Short, large axons from the optic lobe impinge on a single (bilaterally fused) giant interneuron in the magnocellular lobe (24).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Jet-propelled escape in the squid Loligo opalescens: concerted control by giant and non-giant motor axon pathways.

Otis

Gilly

1990

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recordings of stellar nerve activity were made during escape responses in living squid. Short-latency activation of the giant axons is triggered by light-flash stimulation that elicits a stereotyped startle-escape response and powerful jet. Many other types of stimuli produce a highly variable, delayed-escape response with strong jetting primarily controlled by a small axon motor pathway. In such cases, activation of the giant axons is not necessary for a vigorous escape jet. When they are utilized, the giant axons are not activated until well after the non-giant system initiates the escape response, and excitation is critically timed to boost the rise in intramantle pressure. Squid thus show at least two escape modes in which the giant axons can contribute in different ways to the control of a highly flexible behavior.Analyses of electrical activity in giant axons and cell bodies have contributed greatly to our understanding of neural control of behavior (1). Where giant axons exist, they most often control startle-and rapid-escape responses and are primarily responsible for the characteristics of short latency and synchronous muscle activation (2, 3). Escape swimming has been analyzed in detail in crayfish (4) and in teleosts (5), where a single action potential in a giant axon elicits a complex, but stereotyped, motor output at very short latency (<40 ms). These giant axons are not motor fibers themselves but act as interneurons to orchestrate coordinated discharge of many motoneurons.Crayfish and teleosts possess parallel, small axon pathways that can effect rapid escape responses in the absence of giant axon activity, but with a longer latency (50-500 ms; ref. 4). Interplay between giant and non-giant motor pathways during escape behavior has not been extensively studied, and such interaction may be important in maximizing flexibility of a limited motoneuron pool. For example, in teleosts a small axon system can modify the excitability of motoneurons on which Mauthner axons synapse, and a fixed command signal in a giant axon can thereby lead to different motor responses (6).Another type of interplay may involve concerted control over the simultaneous usage ofgiant and non-giant pathways. If a giant axon could be called into play in a "thoughtful," nonobligatory way during activity independently mediated by non-giant processes, its utility would be greatly enhanced.Efforts to demonstrate such a dual usage of giant axons have been equivocal, however (4, 7).We describe here experiments that shed new light on this idea. Although the squid giant axon has been extensively studied from numerous points of view, little is known about the axon's in vivo role in escape behavior. All-or-none reflex activation of escape jetting was inferred 50 years ago from studies of stellar nerve-mantle preparations (8, 9), and this idea remains widely accepted. Recordings of giant axon activity in relation to behavior have not been reported, however, and studies of escape responses have focused on biomechanical aspects (10-1...

show abstract

Electrical Responses of the Retinal Nerve and Optic Ganglion of the Squid

Cited by 23 publications

References 4 publications

Enhancements in Squid Retinal Responses to Change of Polarizations in a Caustic Shallow Water

Enhancements in Squid Retinal Responses to Change of Polarizations in a Caustic Shallow Water

Neural Organization of the Median Ocellus of the Dragonfly

Jet-propelled escape in the squid Loligo opalescens: concerted control by giant and non-giant motor axon pathways.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About