“…Geophysical methods help us better understand fracture induced azimuthal anisotropy, specifically, 2D seismic refraction, and ER methods (Yeboah-Forson and Whitman, 2014;Busby, 2000;Zhu et al, 2012;Holbrook et al, 2014;Befus et al, 2011;Babcock et al, 2015;Greenhalgh et al, 2009;Matias, 2002;Li and Uren, 1997). Fracture presence introduces seismic azimuthal anisotropy (Tsvankin and Grechka, 2011;Lynn and Michelena, 2011;Burns et al, 2007;Crampin, 1985), and electrical azimuthal anisotropy (Berryman and Hoversten, 2013;Greenhalgh et al, 2010;Yeboah-Forson and Whitman, 2014;Taylor and Fleming, 1989).…”