Electrical properties of the epidermal stratum corneum

Yamamoto, Takenobu; Yamamoto, Y.

doi:10.1007/bf02478741

Cited by 386 publications

(288 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Electrically, skin is usually represented as a parallel combination of C and R (Yamamoto and Yamamoto, 1976). The C of the skin is thought to originate from the lipid matrix-keratin cell complex, while the R appears to be primarily associated with the current conducting pathways (Oh et al, 1993;Burnette and Bagniefski, 1988).…”

Section: Skin Impedancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Polyoxyethylene Alkyl Esters on Permeation Enhancement and Impedance of Skin

Kim

Oh²

2011

Biomolecules and Therapeutics

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Section: Skin Impedancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electrically, skin is usually represented as a parallel combination of capacitance (C) and resistance (R) (Yamamoto and Yamamoto, 1976). From the stripping experiments, it has been shown that the SC is mainly responsible for the electrical properties of the skin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Polyoxyethylene Alkyl Esters on Permeation Enhancement and Impedance of Skin

Kim

Oh²

2011

Biomolecules and Therapeutics

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“…The thermal 21,22 and electrical properties 23 of skin both depend strongly on water content, but for different reasons. Consequently, devices that offer, in a single platform, capabilities for measuring both the thermal and the electrical characteristics of the skin provide improved insights into the state of hydration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimodal epidermal devices for hydration monitoring

et al. 2017

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Precise, quantitative in vivo monitoring of hydration levels in the near surface regions of the skin can be useful in preventing skinbased pathologies, and regulating external appearance. Here we introduce multimodal sensors with important capabilities in this context, rendered in soft, ultrathin, 'skin-like' formats with numerous advantages over alternative technologies, including the ability to establish intimate, conformal contact without applied pressure, and to provide spatiotemporally resolved data on both electrical and thermal transport properties from sensitive regions of the skin. Systematic in vitro studies and computational models establish the underlying measurement principles and associated approaches for determination of temperature, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, volumetric heat capacity, and electrical impedance using simple analysis algorithms. Clinical studies on 20 patients subjected to a variety of external stimuli validate the device operation and allow quantitative comparisons of measurement capabilities to those of existing state-of-the-art tools.

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“…We got the electrical conductivity values and their changes during electroporation from literature and experiments, as well as the electric field values above which tissues are permeabilized. [4][5][6][7][15][16][17][18]25,26 However, getting these values was a difficult task, due to the lack of measurements in this field.…”

Section: Parameters Of the Numerical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its low conductivity (three to four orders of magnitude lower than the conductivities of deeper skin layers) makes skin one of the least conductive tissues in the human body. 1,25,26 Therefore, in applications where electric pulses are applied externally, through skin, one might expect high (too high) voltage amplitudes needed in order to breach the highly resistive stratum corneum and permeabilize viable skin layers underneath. However, as the in vivo experiments show, the voltages needed for skin permeabilization are in the range of those needed in other, much more electrically conductive biological tissues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Numerical Model of Skin Electropermeabilization Based on In Vivo Experiments

2007

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Abstract-As an alternative to viral methods that are controversial because of their safety issues, chemical and physical methods have been developed to enhance gene expression in tissues. Reversible increase of the cell membrane permeability caused by the electric field-electroporation-is currently one of the most efficient and simple nonviral methods of gene transfer. We performed a series of in vivo experiments, delivering plasmids to rat skin using external plate electrodes. The experiments showed that skin layers below stratum corneum can be permeabilized in this way. In order to study the course of skin tissue permeabilization by means of electric pulses, a numerical model using the finite element method was made. The model is based on the tissue-electrode geometry and electric pulses used in our in vivo experiments. We took into account the layered structure of skin and changes of its bulk electrical properties during electroporation, as observed in the in vivo experiments. We were using tissue conductivity values found in literature and experimentally determined electric field threshold values needed for tissue permeabilization. The results obtained with the model are in good agreement with the in vivo results of gene transfection in rat skin. With the model presented we used the available data to explain the mechanism of the tissue electropermeabilization propagation beyond the initial conditions dictated by the tissue initial conductivities, thus contributing to a more in-depth understanding of this process. Such a model can be used to optimize and develop electrodes and pulse parameters.

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Electrical properties of the epidermal stratum corneum

Cited by 386 publications

References 8 publications

Effect of Polyoxyethylene Alkyl Esters on Permeation Enhancement and Impedance of Skin

Effect of Polyoxyethylene Alkyl Esters on Permeation Enhancement and Impedance of Skin

Multimodal epidermal devices for hydration monitoring

A Numerical Model of Skin Electropermeabilization Based on In Vivo Experiments

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