Electrical properties of carbon black filled polyethylene

Narkis, M.; Ram, A.; Flashner, F.

doi:10.1002/pen.760180808

Cited by 183 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Despite this large PDI the width of the melt transition spans less than 15°C and the peak temperature is highly repeatable over multiple syntheses, which is difficult to achieve with main chain crystallizing polymers. Thus, a simple method of tuning the sensing temperature is established which does not rely on changing the polymer molecular weight which is sensitive to the PDI, and is the method used in almost all previous PTC devices (16,30).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraflexible, large-area, physiological temperature sensors for multipoint measurements

Yokota

Inoue

Terakawa

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

330

298

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We report a fabrication method for flexible and printable thermal sensors based on composites of semicrystalline acrylate polymers and graphite with a high sensitivity of 20 mK and a high-speed response time of less than 100 ms. These devices exhibit large resistance changes near body temperature under physiological conditions with high repeatability (1,800 times). Device performance is largely unaffected by bending to radii below 700 μm, which allows for conformal application to the surface of living tissue. The sensing temperature can be tuned between 25°C and 50°C, which covers all relevant physiological temperatures. Furthermore, we demonstrate flexible active-matrix thermal sensors which can resolve spatial temperature gradients over a large area. With this flexible ultrasensitive temperature sensor we succeeded in the in vivo measurement of cyclic temperatures changes of 0.1°C in a rat lung during breathing, without interference from constant tissue motion. This result conclusively shows that the lung of a warm-blooded animal maintains surprising temperature stability despite the large difference between core temperature and inhaled air temperature. T emperature control plays a very important role in homeostasis, and body temperature varies both spatially and temporally in an effort to transfer heat between the living body and the environment via skin and respiratory organs. Accurate measurement of localized temperature changes in soft tissue regardless of large-scale motion is important in understanding thermal phenomena of homeostasis and realizing future sophisticated health diagnostics (1-3). Therefore, flexible temperature sensors which softly interface with tissue have been investigated frequently for applications in the medical field. However, these applications require the combination of sensitivity, fast response time, stability in physiological environments, and multipoint measurement. Before this work, to our knowledge, no experiment has simultaneously demonstrated orders-of-magnitude changes in electrical properties (sensitivity) repeatedly at varying physiological temperatures and conditions (stability) in a robust, easy-to-fabricate, flexible temperature sensor (processability).When sensors and electronics are directly attached to the surface of an animal body, the use of soft and flexible electronic devices is expected to reduce mechanical stress induced on the body. From this viewpoint, the field of flexible electronics has attracted much attention recently. The ability to gather information such as pressure and temperature from curvilinear and dynamic surfaces without impairing the movement or usability of the users is unmatched by conventional silicon electronics. There have been reports of the potential application of flexible electrodes on ultrathin substrates (4), flexible sensors that measure biological signals, electrocardiograms, temperature, pressure (5, 6), organic amplifier systems (7), high-sensitivity pressure sensors (8), and ultrathin and imperceptible devices (9, 10).To meas...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraflexible, large-area, physiological temperature sensors for multipoint measurements

Yokota

Inoue

Terakawa

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

330

298

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“…This pressure-sensitive composite has been investigated as force sensor [15][16][17][18]. M. Hussain et.al.…”

Section: Wearable Splint For Real-time Monitoring Of Bruxismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The resistivity and dielectric constant of carbon-polymer composites were measured using different concentrations of carbon black and other components [17,18]. The main advantages of polymer composite sensor are ease of fabrication, good chemical and physical stability, with high and tunable sensitivity; all of these are important for in-vivo applications.…”

Section: Wearable Splint For Real-time Monitoring Of Bruxismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of wireless bruxism monitoring device based on pressure-sensitive polymer composite

Kim

McAuliffe

O’Connell

et al. 2010

Sensors and Actuators A: Physical

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A wireless pressure sensing bite guard has been developed for monitoring the progress of bruxism (teeth grinding during sleep); as well as protecting the teeth from damages. For sensing the pressure effectively in the restricted space and hostile environment, a pressure sensitive polymer composite has been fabricated and encapsulated into a conventional bite guard which is safe for in-situ applications. The device is anticipated to give real-time data through wireless data transmission and to have a long working life (weeks). A microcontroller-based electronic circuit has been built in-house for data collection and transmission. A low power approach is configured to increase the working life of the device. This device is a useful tool for understanding and treating bruxism.

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“…The electrical resistance of PCFC is sensitive to various external force parameters [1][2][3][4][5][6], such as pressure, deformation, gaseous environment and temperature. The above-mentioned polymer composites promise to replace conventional rigid inorganic sensors in certain applications due to their flexibility and ease of processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyisoprene/Nanostructured Carbon Composites for Applications in Temperature Sensors

Knite

Zīke

Zavickis

et al. 2013

Material Science and Applied Chemistry

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Abstract. The studies of electrical properties of the polyisoprene (PI) matrix/high structure carbon black (HSCB) composites (PCBC) with various concentrations (8, 9, 10 and 11 mass parts) of filler have been carried out in the temperature interval of 90K-330K. In this paper we focus on the investigation of direct current (DC) conductivity in a low-temperature region with negative temperature coefficient of resistivity (NTCR). It has been proven that variable range hopping (VRH) conduction is dominated by hopping of carriers among localized states in a low-temperature range. At higher temperatures the nearest neighbour hopping (NNH) conductivity or constant range hopping charge transport takes place. The reversibility as well as small hysteresis of resistance change versus temperature indicates prospective temperature sensor application for PCBC.

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Electrical properties of carbon black filled polyethylene

Cited by 183 publications

References 5 publications

Ultraflexible, large-area, physiological temperature sensors for multipoint measurements

Ultraflexible, large-area, physiological temperature sensors for multipoint measurements

Development of wireless bruxism monitoring device based on pressure-sensitive polymer composite

Polyisoprene/Nanostructured Carbon Composites for Applications in Temperature Sensors

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