Electrical Measurements of Neuromuscular States During Mental Activities

Jacobson, Edmund

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1930.94.1.22

Cited by 126 publications

(49 citation statements)

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“…Processing of on-line feedback involves mechanisms mediated by parietal and prefrontal areas (Grafton et al, 1992(Grafton et al, , 1996 that were largely silent during motor imagery. This interpretation is consistent with theories that posit motor imagery as a purely top -down or outflow process (Decety and Ingvar, 1990;Mulder et al, 2003;Paivio, 1986) and not as a bottom -up process as purported by the Psychoneuromuscular Theory (Jacobson, 1931).…”

Section: Brain Activations In the Novel Learning Phasesupporting

confidence: 86%

Brain activation during execution and motor imagery of novel and skilled sequential hand movements

et al. 2005

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This experiment used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to compare functional neuroanatomy associated with executed and imagined hand movements in novel and skilled learning phases. We hypothesized that 1 week of intensive physical practice would strengthen the motor representation of a hand motor sequence and increase the similarity of functional neuroanatomy associated with executed and imagined hand movements. During fMRI scanning, a right-hand self-paced button press sequence was executed and imagined before (NOVEL) and after (SKILLED) 1 week of intensive physical practice (n = 54; right-hand dominant). The mean execution rate was significantly faster in the SKILLED (3.8 Hz) than the NOVEL condition (2.5 Hz) (P < 0.001), but there was no difference in execution errors. Activation foci associated with execution and imagery was congruent in both the NOVEL and SKILLED conditions, though activation features were more similar in the SKILLED versus NOVEL phase. In the NOVEL phase, activations were more extensive during execution than imagery in primary and secondary cortical motor volumes and the cerebellum, while during imagery activations were greater in the striatum. In the SKILLED phase, activation features within these same volumes became increasingly similar for execution and imagery, though imagery more heavily activated premotor areas, inferior parietal lobe, and medial temporal lobe, while execution more heavily activated the precentral/postcentral gyri, striatum, and cerebellum. This experiment demonstrated congruent activation of the cortical and subcortical motor system during both novel and skilled learning phases, supporting the effectiveness of motor imagery-based mental practice techniques for both the acquisition of new skills and the rehearsal of skilled movements.

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Section: Brain Activations In the Novel Learning Phasesupporting

confidence: 86%

Brain activation during execution and motor imagery of novel and skilled sequential hand movements

et al. 2005

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“…Electromyographic activity (EMG) has been found to significantly increase during motor simulation. Jacobson had long ago ( 38 ) found micro-movements and increased EMG in those limbs involved in imagined movements, but not in the contralateral limbs. A long time ago, Shaw ( 39 ) also reported proportional EMG increases to the extent of imagined exertion, supporting the assertion that the kinesthetic mental image of a motion configuration is accompanied by the same innervation pattern found in the motion itself ( 40 , 41 ).…”

Section: Cognitive–motor Interactions: Thinking About Movingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thinking, Walking, Talking: Integratory Motor and Cognitive Brain Function

Leisman

Moustafa

Shafir

2016

Front. Public Health

261

182

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In this article, we argue that motor and cognitive processes are functionally related and most likely share a similar evolutionary history. This is supported by clinical and neural data showing that some brain regions integrate both motor and cognitive functions. In addition, we also argue that cognitive processes coincide with complex motor output. Further, we also review data that support the converse notion that motor processes can contribute to cognitive function, as found by many rehabilitation and aerobic exercise training programs. Support is provided for motor and cognitive processes possessing dynamic bidirectional influences on each other.

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“…It could also have provided information (via alpha-gamma coactivation) to facilitate the central neurons responsible for generating the phasic command. Mellah et al's (1990) report of "covert" muscular discharges during motor preparation seems to accord with Jacobson's (1930) observations on motor imagery and muscle discharges but not with Yue and Cole's (1992) and Decety et al's (1993) finding of muscular quiescence. The two sets of data can in fact be reconciled: according to Mellah et al (1990), the muscle fibers that fire during preparation belong to deep muscles whose activity escapes detection by surface EMG.…”

Section: Effects Of Motor Imagery On Motor Learning and Trainingmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…According to the "peripheral" variant of the motor theory, just as the perceived image of an object arises from the muscular discharges produced during the movements involved in exploring it, the mental image of that object is produced by covert muscular discharges in the related muscles. This idea was extensively developed by W. James in the chapter on "Imagination" in his Principles of psychology (James 1890) and was later exploited by Jacobson (e.g., Jacobson 1930). Lieberman's hypothesis for the perception of speech would be in the same vein (e.g., Liberman & Mattingly 1985; for a review of the historical and epistemological roots of the motor theory, see Scheerer 1984).…”

Section: Relevance To the Motor Theory Of Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eye movements have been recorded during the recall of visual scenes (e.g., Jeannerod & Mouret 1962). Jacobson (1930) first suggested that muscles were selectively activated during imagined action. Shaw (1940) reported that during imagined weight lifting, electromyographic (EMG) activity of forearm muscles increased linearly with the magnitude of the weight.…”

Section: Effects Of Motor Imagery On Motor Learning and Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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