Electrical impedance spectroscopy for prostate cancer diagnosis

Abstract

Abstract-Electrical impedance was recorded at 21 discrete frequencies (1 to 100 kHz) from 27 ex vivo human prostates. These electrical properties were measured by using custom designed Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) sensing biopsy (Bx) needles. EIS-Bx needles gauge the electrical properties of tissue in tandem with the tissue extraction (used for histopathological assessment). The EIS-Bx probe has a signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) of 65 dB across the frequency range (1 kHz to 100 kHz [7]. These contrasts are due to morphological differences present in the different prostatic tissue types. We have developed an electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) sensing biopsy (Bx) needle to record bipolar impedance measurements in tandem with tissue core extraction. We have demonstrated that this type of data has the potential to distinguish normal from abnormal tissue across a larger fraction of prostate volume than that sampled during conventional biopsy procedure [8] [9]. We present our most recent analysis of a 27 patient cohort evaluating how well these electrical properties discriminate cancer from non-cancer tissues in the prostate. II. EIS-BX DEVICE OVERVIEWDevice Design A typical biopsy needle is constructed of stainless steel and consists of an inner trocar and an outer cannula. BARD Maxcore Disposable Biopsy Instruments (MC1820, C.R. Bard, Murray Hill, NJ) extract a 22 mm long tissue core and are the standard biopsy needles used for prostate biopsy at our institution. These needles are modified into an EIS-Bx device by electrically isolating the two (inner and outer) needle elements; a thin insulating tube (polyimide) is adhered onto the surface of each of these elements, leaving just the tip of both needles exposed. The tips of inner and outer elements act as two electrodes, through which EIS based bipolar measurements are recoded. The two electrodes are interfaced to an impedance analyzer (HP4284A, Agilent Technologies) through a RCA plug and assembly of coaxial cables. A small current (<1mA) is applied between the tip electrodes. The impedance recorded is the ratio of induced voltage to the applied

The clinical application of electrical impedance technology in the detection of malignant neoplasms: a systematic review

“…This was rated as follows: "Good", AUROC > 0.7 or sensitivity and specificity both > 0.75 or Youden index > 0.5; "Moderate", AUROC > 0.6 or Sensitivity > 0.7 + Youden index > 0.25; "Insufficient", not meeting the above criteria or insufficient data. Youden index is calculated as (sensitivity + specificity) minus 1 [11] b This study reported moderate discriminative ability in the < 40 year group c These two studies reported statistically significant differences between malignant and normal tissue on EIS, but insufficient data for calculating the overall discriminative strength conducted at the same institution, employing similar tools and methodology, in which the electrical impedance measurement was integrated into the prostate biopsy device [24,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. Three of the studies report on optimal frequencies noted for discrimination of tissue; however, all the frequencies reported were found to be different.…”

Electrical property sensing biopsy needle for prostate cancer detection

“…Experimental configuration for mounting a tissue specimen, imaging it with TRUS, and introducing the EIS‐Bx device at specific locations [reproduced ].…”

New Approaches and Biomarker Candidates for the Early Detection of Ovarian Cancer

“…Impedance spectroscopy with tethered membrane technology has also been used for E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus detection, where specific antibodies embedded in the membrane detect the presence of bacteria in different fluid samples ( Tan et al, 2011 ). This technology has been adapted to detect prostate ( Mishra et al, 2012 ) and skin ( Braun et al, 2017 ) cancer specific biomarkers and has the potential to be reliable, specific and selective, while being inexpensive and fast. Similarly, the detection of disease-related biomarkers based on acoustic sensors has created global research interest, with biosensors based on the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) exploited for cancer diagnosis.…”