Electrical functions of photochromic molecules

Tsujioka, Tsuyoshi; Irie, Masahiro

doi:10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2010.02.001

Cited by 150 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…First of all, it is a switching coeffi cient defi ned as k sw = I DS (1)/ I DS (2), where I DS (1) and I DS (2) correspond to the drain currents of the OFET in states 1 and 2, respectively, measured at the same gate voltage V GS = const, which shows how strong is the hysteresis in the electrical characteristics of the transistor or how wide is the memory window. The device operating voltages, a programming speed, and a long-term stability of the distinct electrical states (retention characteristics) are also crucially important.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/aelm201500219mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4] A phototriggered isomerization of the most common photochromes between two quasistable isomeric forms changes signifi cantly their fundamental electronic and electrical properties such as frontier energy levels, electrical conductivity, dipole moment, dielectric constant, etc. [ 5,6 ] This effect enables realizing new exiting functionalities in organic fi eld-effect transistors (OFETs), diodes, and light-emitting devices.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/aelm201500219mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 13 ] Unfortunately, the photoswitching effects achieved in the diode-type memory elements were not very strong which stimulated exploration of other concepts, including the application of graphene-based materials. [1][2][3][4]14 ] Organic fi eld-effect transistors modifi ed with photochromic molecules were extensively investigated in order to construct memory elements with enhanced optical switching characteristics. The reported OFET structures comprised some photochromic material as a dopant in a semiconductor layer, [15][16][17][18][19][20] as a buffer layer between semiconductor and source/ drain electrodes, [ 21,22 ] and as an interfacial layer between wileyonlinelibrary.com Various functionalized bis(heteroaryl)ethenes represent a promising group of photochromic materials for designing organic memory elements (see examples in entries 10-17, Table S1, Supporting Information).…”

Section: Doi: 101002/aelm201500219mentioning

confidence: 99%

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OFET‐Based Memory Devices Operating via Optically and Electrically Modulated Charge Separation between the Semiconductor and 1,2‐bis(Hetaryl)ethene Dielectric Layers

Frolova

Rezvanova

Ширинян

et al. 2015

Adv Elect Materials

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semiconductor and dielectric. [23][24][25][26][27] The latter approach seems to be the most promising. It is known that the highest density of charge carriers in operating OFET fl ows in a few molecular layers of semiconductor adjacent to dielectric. [ 28 ] Therefore, photoisomerization of a photochromic compound at the dielectric/semiconductor interface changes signifi cantly electrical characteristics of the conducting channel (density of traps/carriers, electrical permittivity, capacitance) and the device itself thus providing the required photoswitching effect.While comparing the characteristics of the OFET-based memory elements, few important parameters should be considered. First of all, it is a switching coeffi cient defi ned as k sw = I DS (1)/ I DS (2), where I DS (1) and I DS (2) correspond to the drain currents of the OFET in states 1 and 2, respectively, measured at the same gate voltage V GS = const, which shows how strong is the hysteresis in the electrical characteristics of the transistor or how wide is the memory window. The device operating voltages, a programming speed, and a long-term stability of the distinct electrical states (retention characteristics) are also crucially important.Analyzing previous reports on the OFET-based optical memories comprising photochromic materials, one can notice their low switching coeffi cients which stay typically below 10 and hardly exceed 100 for the best examples (Table S1, Supporting Information). These devices typically operate at high voltages (30-100 V), while their programming is very slow and requires light illumination within tens of seconds or even minutes. To make this type of memory elements more interesting for practical applications one has to improve signifi cantly their characteristics. We have reported very recently memory elements based on a photochromic spirooxazine which showed decent operating voltages (<5 V) and reasonably high switching coefficients of ≈10 3 . [ 29 ] Unfortunately, the programming speeds were still rather low mainly due to fundamental limitations of the used materials and the device architecture.Here we present a concept of the memory elements operating via optically and electrically triggered charge separation between the organic semiconductor ([60]fullerene) and the photochromic dielectric (specially designed 1,2-bis(hetaryl) ethene) layers. The proposed approach allowed us to decrease the device programming time by three orders of magnitude down to few milliseconds with a high potential to reach practically interesting microsecond operation regime. Additionally, the designed devices showed exceptionally wide memory windows refl ected by the switching coeffi cients of ≈10 5 at reasonably low operation voltages (3-10 V).

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Section: Doi: 101002/aelm201500219mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Doi: 101002/aelm201500219mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Doi: 101002/aelm201500219mentioning

confidence: 99%

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OFET‐Based Memory Devices Operating via Optically and Electrically Modulated Charge Separation between the Semiconductor and 1,2‐bis(Hetaryl)ethene Dielectric Layers

Frolova

Rezvanova

Ширинян

et al. 2015

Adv Elect Materials

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“…This research was mainly stimulated by possible application in organic electronics. [137] Several studies were based on diarylethene molecules, which were pioneered by Irie. [138] These molecules change their conductance due to transformation from a conjugated state upon UV radiation to a cross-conjugated state upon visible light illumination.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal‐Polymer Nanocomposites for Functional Applications

et al. 2010

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Nanocomposites combine favorable features of the constituents on the nanoscale to obtain new functionalities. The present paper is concerned with the preparation of polymer‐based nanocomposites consisting of metal nanoparticles in a polymer matrix and the resulting functional properties. Emphasis is placed on vapor phase deposition which inter alia allows the incorporation of alloy clusters with well defined composition and tailored filling factor profiles. Examples discussed here include optical composites with tuned particle surface plasmon resonances for plasmonic applications, magnetic high frequency materials with cut‐off frequencies well above 1 GHz, sensors that are based on the dramatic change in the electronic properties near the percolation threshold, and antibacterial coatings which benefit from the large effective surface of nanoparticles and the increased chemical potential which both strongly enhance ion release.

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“…In these devices, the light is used as a remote control to modulate electrical properties. In particular, conductivity can be tuned by incorporating photochromic molecules 5 that are able to undergo a reversible light-induced interconversion between the two (or more) isomers possessing markedly different physical and chemical properties 6 , such as different ionization potentials. These different switching states should be thermally stable, and the photoisomerization process should be efficient and highly robust, that is, fatigue resistant.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optically switchable transistors by simple incorporation of photochromic systems into small-molecule semiconducting matrices

et al. 2015

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The fabrication of multifunctional high-performance organic thin-film transistors as key elements in future logic circuits is a major research challenge. Here we demonstrate that a photoresponsive bi-functional field-effect transistor with carrier mobilities exceeding 0.2 cm 2 V À 1 s À 1 can be developed by incorporating photochromic molecules into an organic semiconductor matrix via a single-step solution processing deposition of a two components blend. Tuning the interactions between the photochromic diarylethene system and the organic semiconductor is achieved via ad-hoc side functionalization of the diarylethene. Thereby, a large-scale phase-segregation can be avoided and superior miscibility is provided, while retaining optimal p-p stacking to warrant efficient charge transport and to attenuate the effect of photoinduced switching on the extent of current modulation. This leads to enhanced electrical performance of transistors incorporating small conjugated molecules as compared with polymeric semiconductors. These findings are of interest for the development of high-performing optically gated electronic devices.

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Electrical functions of photochromic molecules

Cited by 150 publications

References 73 publications

OFET‐Based Memory Devices Operating via Optically and Electrically Modulated Charge Separation between the Semiconductor and 1,2‐bis(Hetaryl)ethene Dielectric Layers

OFET‐Based Memory Devices Operating via Optically and Electrically Modulated Charge Separation between the Semiconductor and 1,2‐bis(Hetaryl)ethene Dielectric Layers

Metal‐Polymer Nanocomposites for Functional Applications

Optically switchable transistors by simple incorporation of photochromic systems into small-molecule semiconducting matrices

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