2014 47th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences 2014
DOI: 10.1109/hicss.2014.290
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Electrical Energy Storage Systems: Technologies' State-of-the-Art, Techno-economic Benefits and Applications Analysis

Abstract: Nowadays, with the large-scale penetration of distributed and renewable energy resources, Electrical Energy Storage (EES) stands out for its ability of adding flexibility, controlling intermittence and providing back-up generation to electrical networks. It represents the critical link between the energy supply and demand chains and, moreover, a key element for increasing the role and attractiveness of renewable generation into the power grid, providing numerous technical and economic benefits to the power sys… Show more

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Cited by 67 publications
(62 citation statements)
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References 14 publications
(12 reference statements)
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“…With technologies that are available today, this closed loop operation converts electricity into hydrogen by electrolysis, and re-electrifies the hydrogen using various fuel cell technologies. The round trip efficiency today is as low as 30% to 40% [5], disregarding the possibility of cogeneration if heat produced during the process, such as by fuel cells, can be captured for use. Despite this low efficiency, the interest of using this kind of hydrogen energy storage alternative keeps growing.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…With technologies that are available today, this closed loop operation converts electricity into hydrogen by electrolysis, and re-electrifies the hydrogen using various fuel cell technologies. The round trip efficiency today is as low as 30% to 40% [5], disregarding the possibility of cogeneration if heat produced during the process, such as by fuel cells, can be captured for use. Despite this low efficiency, the interest of using this kind of hydrogen energy storage alternative keeps growing.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The process involves converting and storing electrical energy from an available source into another form of energy, which can be converted back into electrical energy when needed. The forms of energy storage conversion can be chemical, mechanical, thermal, or magnetic [1,2]. ESS enable electricity to be produced when it is needed and stored when the generation exceeds the demand.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Storage is beneficial when there is a low demand, low generation cost, or when the available energy sources are intermittent. At the same time, stored energy can be consumed at times of high demand, high generation cost, or when no alternative generation is available [1][2][3][4].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…BESS consists of different storage technologies referred to as 'batteries'. Examples of such battery technologies include [33,34] lead acid batteries, sodium sulphur batteries, lithium-ion batteries, and nickel batteries, each of which has specific characteristics and economic effectiveness.…”
Section: Bess Technologymentioning
confidence: 99%