Electrical Energy Storage Devices for Active Buildings

Abstract

The future electricity networks would require backup power as stored energy in order to respond to different kinds of variation and uncertainty. The electrical storages, as one potential type, could be utilized in all scales including the end-user scale. However, utilizing different types of electrical storage on the demand side, e.g. in active buildings, could be challenging due to their operational requirements and their applications. Therefore, the first step is to answer the question that what kind of electrical storage could be utilized in active buildings? What are their characteristics and technology requirements? and which one could be more applicable compared to the others?

A comprehensive review on electric vehicles smart charging: Solutions, strategies, technologies, and challenges

“…The schematic diagram of different EV types is illustrated in Fig. 4, which includes HEV, PHEV, BEV [72], and FCEV [73]. The power and energy density of fuel cells compared to electrical energy storage systems is depicted in Fig.…”

An analytical optimum method for simultaneous integration of PV, wind turbine and BESS to maximize technical benefits

“…The identical circuit model is most suitable for dynamic simulation. Here, the battery is modeled as a controlled voltage source behind a constant series resistance based on [54,55]. The overall scheme of this model is shown in Figure 4.…”

Probability modelling of storage based‐smart energy hub considering electric vehicles charging stations performance and demand side management

“…Also, we can mention the development of Seawater Desalination Units (SDU) and EVs [9]. In the following, due to the uncertain nature of renewable energy sources in their intermittent output power, the discharge of electric energy by EVs can play an effective role in the stability of different levels of electric systems [10]. In [11], real behaviour patterns of EVs have been used to investigate the uncertainty of EV behaviour.…”

“…In Figure 3, the calculated values in Equation ( 9) which are called weighting coefficients and are denoted by the symbol λ, in which 𝜇 Rt is the membership function of Rprob multiplied by the membership function of 𝜇 A i component of the Z-number sets according to Equation (10). As a result, the output power is converted from Z-number mode to fuzzy mode.…”