Electrical Control of Silicon Photonic Crystal Cavity by Graphene

Abstract

:Efficient conversion of electrical signal to optical signal in nano-photonics enables solid state integration of electronics and photonics. Combination of graphene with photonic crystals is promising for electro-optic modulation. In this paper, we demonstrate that by electrostatic gating a single layer of graphene on top of a photonic crystal cavity, the cavity resonance can be changed significantly. A ~2nm change in the cavity resonance linewidth and almost 400% (6 dB) change in resonance reflectivity is observed. In addition, our analysis shows that a graphenephotonic crystal device can potentially be useful for a high speed, and low power absorptive and refractive modulator, while maintaining a small physical footprint.

Photonic Structure-Integrated Two-Dimensional Material Optoelectronics

“…Under this circumstance, a pre-designed break in periodicity will introduce confinement of light. Photonic crystal/2D material hybrid systems are also reported in previous literatures [108][109][110][111][112][113]. Gan et al have employed linear three-hole defect cavities in air-suspended 2D photonic crystals with graphene thin films transferred to the top [109].…”

“…First, the introduction of photonic structures into 2D materials can significantly enhance their photoresponsivity [93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106]. On the other hand, by electrostatically tuning the Fermi level of 2D materials, with which photonic structures like waveguides, resonators and cavities are integrated, their modulation performance can be improved [107][108][109][110][111][112][113]. Table 1 summarizes different photonic structure-integrated 2D material optoelectronics.…”

“…The reflection attenuation and the increase of Raman signal intensity have demonstrated the local enhancement of light-matter interactions. Photonic crystals have also been reported to be integrated with 2D material phototransistors [110,111]. As shown in Figure 5c, optical cavities are fabricated by introducing point defects into 2D silicon photonic crystals [110].…”

“…Photonic crystals have also been reported to be integrated with 2D material phototransistors [110,111]. As shown in Figure 5c, optical cavities are fabricated by introducing point defects into 2D silicon photonic crystals [110]. The electrostatic properties of graphene are tuned by either source-drain biases or an ion-gel gate; as a result, a~2 nm change in the cavity resonance line width and almost 400% (6 dB) modulation in resonance reflectivity are observed.…”

320-fold luminescence enhancement of [Ru(dpp)3]Cl2 dispersed on PMMA opal photonic crystals and highly improved oxygen sensing performance

“…[2][3][4] Among the various techniques related to luminescence enhancement, the modulation of PhCs has attracted considerable interest and has yielded a wide variety of applications. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] PhCs can largely enhance the luminescence of dyes/quantum dots, and through theoretical simulation, the excitation field can be largely enhanced. 14,15 In particular, not only can three-dimensional (3D) opal or inverse opal PhCs largely enhance the luminescence of dyes but they also have the advantage of easier preparation.…”