Electrical Conductivity of Electrolytes Found In Natural Waters from (5 to 90) °C

McCleskey, R. Blaine

doi:10.1021/je101012n

Cited by 99 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…We also tested his formula by comparison to experimental values published by McCleskey (2011) and were able to reproduce conductivities of NaCl solutions of different concentrations (10 −4 -1 mol kg −1 ) in a temperature range between 5 and 90…”

Section: Downloaded Frommentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of rotational invariants for the interpretation of marine CSEM data with a case study from the North Alex mud volcano, West Nile Delta

Hölz¹,

Swidinsky²,

Sommer³

et al. 2015

Geophysical Journal International

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S U M M A R YSubmarine mud volcanos at the seafloor are surface expressions of fluid flow systems within the seafloor. Since the electrical resistivity of the seafloor is mainly determined by the amount and characteristics of fluids contained within the sediment's pore space, electromagnetic methods offer a promising approach to gain insight into a mud volcano's internal resistivity structure. To investigate this structure, we conducted a controlled source electromagnetic experiment, which was novel in the sense that the source was deployed and operated with a remotely operated vehicle, which allowed for a flexible placement of the transmitter dipole with two polarization directions at each transmitter location. For the interpretation of the experiment, we have adapted the concept of rotational invariants from land-based electromagnetics to the marine case by considering the source normalized tensor of horizontal electric field components. We analyse the sensitivity of these rotational invariants in terms of 1-D models and measurement geometries and associated measurement errors, which resemble the experiment at the mud volcano. The analysis shows that any combination of rotational invariants has an improved parameter resolution as compared to the sensitivity of the pure radial or azimuthal component alone. For the data set, which was acquired at the 'North Alex' mud volcano, we interpret rotational invariants in terms of 1-D inversions on a common midpoint grid. The resulting resistivity models show a general increase of resistivities with depth. The most prominent feature in the stitched 1-D sections is a lens-shaped interface, which can similarly be found in a section from seismic reflection data. Beneath this interface bulk resistivities frequently fall in a range between 2.0 and 2.5 m towards the maximum penetration depths. We interpret the lens-shaped interface as the surface of a collapse structure, which was formed at the end of a phase of activity of an older mud volcano generation and subsequently refilled with new mud volcano sediments during a later stage of activity. Increased resistivities at depth cannot be explained by compaction alone, but instead require a combination of compaction and increased cementation of the older sediments, possibly in connection to trapped, cooled down mud volcano fluids, which have a depleted chlorinity. At shallow depths (≤50 m) bulk resistivities generally decrease and for locations around the mud volcano's centre 1-D models show bulk resistivities in a range between 0.5 and 0.7 m, which we interpret in terms of gas saturation levels by means of Archie's Law. After a detailed analysis of the material parameters contained in Archie's Law we derive saturation levels between 0 and 25 per cent, which is in accordance with observations of active degassing and a reflector with negative polarity in the seismics section just beneath the seafloor, which is indicative of free gas.

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Section: Downloaded Frommentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of rotational invariants for the interpretation of marine CSEM data with a case study from the North Alex mud volcano, West Nile Delta

Hölz¹,

Swidinsky²,

Sommer³

et al. 2015

Geophysical Journal International

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“…The occurrence of ohmic drop effects was also discarded from simulation [34] of the influence of the uncompensated resistance for the conditions of our solution with a resistivity ca. 0.17 X m [47].…”

Section: Voltammetric Kinetic Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of differential pulse voltammetries to discriminate between the Butler–Volmer and the simple Marcus–Hush models for heterogeneous electron transfer: The electro-reduction of europium (III) in aqueous solution

Wang

Laborda

Henstridge

et al. 2012

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry

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“…The resistance R CH is estimated to be 220 Ω for this chamber configuration based on the fluid conductivity reported by McClesky [17]. Impedance spectrum measurements were obtained in the frequency range of 2 kHz to 4 MHz, and are presented in Figure 4.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Surface Enhanced Blocking (SEB) Electrodes for Microbial Cell Lysis in Flow-Through Devices

Talebpour¹,

Maaskant²,

Khine³

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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By simultaneously subjecting microbial cells to high amplitude pulsed electric fields and flash heating of the cell suspension fluid, effective release of intracellular contents was achieved. The synergistic effect of the applied electric field and elevated temperature on cell lysis in a flow-through device was demonstrated for Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, and Mycobacterium species. The resulting lysate is suitable for downstream nucleic acid amplification and detection without requiring further preparation. The lysis chamber employs surface enhanced blocking electrodes which possess an etched micro-structured surface and a thin layer of dielectric metal oxide which provides a large effective area and blocks transmission of electrical current. The surface enhanced blocking electrodes enable simultaneous suppression of the rapid onset of electric field screening in the bulk of the cell suspension medium and avoidance of undesired electrochemical processes at the electrode-electrolyte interface. In addition the blocking layer ensures the robustness of the cell lysis device in applications involving prolonged flow-through processing of the microbial cells.

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Electrical Conductivity of Electrolytes Found In Natural Waters from (5 to 90) °C

Cited by 99 publications

References 99 publications

The use of rotational invariants for the interpretation of marine CSEM data with a case study from the North Alex mud volcano, West Nile Delta

The use of rotational invariants for the interpretation of marine CSEM data with a case study from the North Alex mud volcano, West Nile Delta

The use of differential pulse voltammetries to discriminate between the Butler–Volmer and the simple Marcus–Hush models for heterogeneous electron transfer: The electro-reduction of europium (III) in aqueous solution

Use of Surface Enhanced Blocking (SEB) Electrodes for Microbial Cell Lysis in Flow-Through Devices

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