Electrical Conductivity in Hydrothermal Binary and Ternary Systems

Corti, Horacio R.

doi:10.1002/9780470094679.ch4

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…Recently, Corti reported a very detailed literature review of conductivity measurements of aqueous solutions of electrolytes above 373 K, starting with the classic experiments by Noyes and Coolidge and continuing up to 2007. As part of the present study, this literature compilation of hydrothermal conductivity studies on NaCl was updated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Limiting Conductivities and Ion Association Constants of Aqueous NaCl under Hydrothermal Conditions: Experimental Data and Correlations

2012

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Frequency-dependent electrical conductivities of solutions of aqueous sodium chloride have been measured from T = 298 K to T = 623 K at p = 20 MPa, over a very wide range of ionic strength (2·10 −5 to 0.17 mol·kg −1 ) using a unique highprecision flow-through alternating current (AC) electrical conductance instrument. Experimental values for the equivalent conductivity, Λ, were used to calculate molar conductivities at infinite dilution, Λ°, using the Fuoss−Hsia−Fernandez−Prini (FHFP) and Turq−Blum−Bernard−Kunz (TBBK) ionic conductivity models. The resulting values for the limiting conductivity Λ°and the ion association constant of NaCl, from this work and critically evaluated literature data above 277 K, were represented to within the combined experimental uncertainties, as functions of viscosity and solvent density, respectively. New values and new correlations are reported for the limiting equivalent conductivities of the sodium ion, λ°(Na + ), and the chloride ion, λ°(Cl − ) from 277 K and 100 kPa to 1073 K and 500 MPa.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fitted Parameters for the Temperature Dependence of Limiting Equivalent Conductivities, Λ°(NaCl), and Limiting Single-Ion Equivalent Conductivities, λ°(Na + ) and λ°(Cl − ), According to the Viscosity−Density Model (eqs22,26) …”

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confidence: 99%

Limiting Conductivities and Ion Association Constants of Aqueous NaCl under Hydrothermal Conditions: Experimental Data and Correlations

2012

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“…Being a standard solution for electrochemical cell calibration, KCl aqueous solutions are well studied at low pressures and temperatures, with an extensive compilation of more than a hundred years of measurements provided by Corti (2008). Unfortunately, the majority of the data from this summary was collected for very dilute solutions (<0.01 m or <0.075 wt%), as part of limiting molar conductance studies, and is not very useful for geological purposes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Conductivity of KCl‐H₂O Fluids in the Crust and Lithospheric Mantle

Vlasov

Keppler

2022

JGR Solid Earth

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Potassium chloride is a common solute in various natural aqueous fluids. While the main salt component in crustal and shallow subduction zone fluids is sodium chloride (Manning, 2018;Yardley & Bodnar, 2014), multiple lines of evidence indicate that mantle fluids are often potassium-dominated (Frezzotti et al., 2012). Most of such evidence comes from the study of mantle rocks affected by metasomatism (Dawson, 2012;O'Reilly & Griffin, 2013), but there are also direct samples of high-density fluids (HDF) trapped in diamonds (e.g., Izraeli et al., 2001;Rege et al., 2010). While fluids released by dehydration of subducted slabs will be rich in NaCl, upon percolation through the mantle, the K/Na ratio will increase as K is much more incompatible than Na in normal mantle minerals (Izraeli et al., 2001). This is likely the origin of KCl-rich fluids in the upper mantle.With salt concentrations typically at the levels of brines (Frezzotti & Ferrando, 2018;Frezzotti & Touret, 2014;Frezzotti et al., 2012), saline solutions are highly conductive at mantle conditions, as already demonstrated for NaCl-bearing fluids (H. Guo & Keppler, 2019). Zones of elevated conductivity possibly associated with saline fluids are detected via magnetotelluric surveys above subducting plates (Evans et al., 2014;Pommier & Evans, 2017) or in areas of ongoing lithospheric mantle metasomatism (Patkó et al., 2021). However, a very intriguing case of possible fluid presence in the lithospheric mantle comes from the Slave (Canada) and Kaapvaal

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“…Despite the simplicity of the method, aqueous conductivity data above 373 K have been reported in the open literature for less than a hundred electrolyte systems. 1 High temperature water conductivity studies began with Noyes's measurements, 2 and because of the many technical limitations associated with hydrothermal chemistry, the vast majority of the experiments could not use solutions diluted enough to permit accurate extrapolations to infinite dilution. However, in the 1990s the novel flow conductivity cell design of Wood et al 3 made it possible to overcome a number of experimental challenges and significantly improve the accuracy of the results at near-critical (T c = 647.096 K, p c = 22.4 MPa, and ρ c = 0.322 g•cm −3 ) and supercritical conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electrical conductance methods are well suited to study limiting transport properties of ions over an extended range of temperatures and pressures because measurements can be made in solutions dilute enough where the Debye–Hückel limiting law can be used to account for activity coefficient effects. Despite the simplicity of the method, aqueous conductivity data above 373 K have been reported in the open literature for less than a hundred electrolyte systems …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Review of Transport and Equilibrium Properties of Potassium Chloride in High Temperature Water

2022

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Ionic diffusion coefficients are important parameters to model mass transport processes in many high temperature water systems, such as nuclear and fossil-fueled power stations and hydrothermal geochemical systems. This work is a critical assessment of the molar conductivity data for aqueous potassium chloride which is directly related to diffusion coefficients. The literature includes more than 550 experimental data sets measured from temperatures T = 273 to 1073 K, pressures p = 0.1 to 1200 MPa, and water densities ρw = 85 to 1000 kg·m–3. In some cases, the measurements were reanalyzed with modern conductivity equations to yield more accurate limiting molar conductivity data, Λ°KCl. The selected Λ°KCl data were split into single-ion conductivities (λ°) for K+ and Cl– using transference number extrapolations. Simple empirical functions of the solvent viscosity and density were derived that can reproduce the data from T = 288 to 923.15 K, p = 0.1 to 407 MPa, and ρw = 450 to 1000 kg·m–3 to less than the estimated uncertainties. A revised equation to express the temperature and density dependence of KCl ion-pair formation constant, K A, based on flow conductivity measurements (T = 491 to 873 K, p = 2.25 to 300 MPa, and ρw = 160 to 852.45 kg·m–3), is also reported. This study recommends the use of potassium chloride as a chemical standard for high temperature conductivity experiments along with the Fuoss–Hsia–Fernández–Prini (FHFP) equation and the fitted parameters for Λ°KCl and K A reported here to verify the accuracy of hydrothermal conductivity measurements.

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Electrical Conductivity in Hydrothermal Binary and Ternary Systems

Cited by 6 publications

References 55 publications

Limiting Conductivities and Ion Association Constants of Aqueous NaCl under Hydrothermal Conditions: Experimental Data and Correlations

Limiting Conductivities and Ion Association Constants of Aqueous NaCl under Hydrothermal Conditions: Experimental Data and Correlations

Electrical Conductivity of KCl‐H₂O Fluids in the Crust and Lithospheric Mantle

Critical Review of Transport and Equilibrium Properties of Potassium Chloride in High Temperature Water

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Electrical Conductivity in Hydrothermal Binary and Ternary Systems

Cited by 6 publications

References 55 publications

Limiting Conductivities and Ion Association Constants of Aqueous NaCl under Hydrothermal Conditions: Experimental Data and Correlations

Limiting Conductivities and Ion Association Constants of Aqueous NaCl under Hydrothermal Conditions: Experimental Data and Correlations

Electrical Conductivity of KCl‐H2O Fluids in the Crust and Lithospheric Mantle

Critical Review of Transport and Equilibrium Properties of Potassium Chloride in High Temperature Water

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Electrical Conductivity of KCl‐H₂O Fluids in the Crust and Lithospheric Mantle