Electrical Conductivity Distribution in Detonating Benzotrifuroxane

Abstract

Electrical conductivity profile behind the detonation front in the benzotrifuroxane (BTF) was measured using high-resolution technique. BTF is a peculiar high explosive which is completely hydrogen-free: its molecular formula is C6N6O6. Results are compared with the conductivity distributions in detonating hexogen (RDX, C3H6N6O6) and triaminotrinitrobenzene based explosive (TATB, C6H6N6O6). The conductivity in BTF was found to be similar to that observed in the common explosives which contain hydrogen. Thus, the contribution of hydrogen (e.g., ions produced by the dissociation of water) in the conductivity is minor, both in the reaction zone and in the final detonation products. The characteristics of the conductivity profiles generally support the idea of contact conductivity through the connected structures of carbon particles formed in the detonation wave.

Observation of Variations in Condensed Carbon Morphology Dependent on Composition B Detonation Conditions

“…In the case of detonation nanodiamond, 1(r), contains a radial segment that is associated with diamond, as well as some surface texture modeled by three segments [24]. Carbon onions, produced by, and observed in the soots of hydrogen-free high pressure and temperature explosives [30], can also be modeled with Equation 1 by parameterizing 1(r) in such a way that it is a Heaviside func-tion that mimics the graphitic layers. In this study, the nanodiamond formulation is used to model the SAXS from the conventional detonation, as well as the colliding detonation.…”

Elongated conductive structures in detonation soot of high explosives

“…† The electrical conductivity tracks the detonation wave with the resolution better than several nanoseconds. 14 At the top of Fig. 1, the graphs of conductivity at the detonation of emulsion HE, cyclotrimethylene-trinitramine (RDX), triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB) and benzotrifuroxan (BTF) are shown, the graphs are shied for clarity.…”

“…2,3 Using the high resolution scheme, we obtained time dependences of electric conductivity for a broad range of HEs and initial conditions. 4,[10][11][12][13][14] This allows us to systemize the experimental data and to nd the regularities and the interconnections which explain the nature of electrical conductivity. The correlation between the electrical conductivity and the carbon content of the substance holds: 15,16 the total amount of carbon is essential in the chemical peak, and the amount of carbon remaining aer the chemical reactions is signicant at the Chapman-Jouguet point.…”

“…High electrical conductivity suggests contact conductivity provided by elongated carbon structures. 14,23 At the same time, rapid carbon condensation at the initial stage does not mean the presence of elongated penetrating structures. The presently prevailing point of view assumes, that individual carbon particles are formed in the chemical peak [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] which aer the cooling at later stages form fractal structures 34 and agglomerates found in saved detonation products (SDP).…”

Influence of the grain size of high explosives on the duration of a high conductivity zone at the detonation

“…For the most of condensed HEs at the detonation, a region with high values is seen at the conductivity graph near the front 20,22–27 . This region is commonly related to the zone of chemical reaction 6,8,28–33 .…”