The properties of electron small
polarons in α-MoO3 are investigated computationally
employing density-functional-theory
with Hubbard-U corrections (DFT+U) and hybrid functionals (HSE06).
These methods are used to compute the electronic and atomic structures
of polarons localized on Mo ions, the barrier for adiabatic polaron
hopping, and the magnitude of the binding energy with intercalated
Li ions. The calculations establish a pronounced anisotropy in polaron
mobilities, both within the bilayer sheets and across the van der
Waals (vdW) gaps characteristic of the α-MoO3 structure.
The lowest and highest energy barriers are found for hopping within
the same bilayer plane and across the vdW gap, respectively. The binding
energies between polarons and intercalated Li ions are calculated
in supercells with composition Li0.028MoO3,
yielding values of approximately 0.3 eV when Li ions are located in
the one-dimensional channels within the bilayer sheets, and values
that are approximately 0.1 eV lower in magnitude when Li resides in
the two-dimensional interlayer van der Waals gaps.