Electrical conductance of electrolyte mixtures of any type

Quint, Jacques R.; Viallard, André

doi:10.1007/bf01074870

Cited by 83 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The water quality data have been subjected to quality assurance procedures for single parameter measurements and interrelationships to determine outliers and systematic errors in measurement or manipulation using charge balance (APHA 1980), the calculated pH-ANC relationship (Stumm and Morgan 1981), and comparing measured versus calculated conductivity (Quint and Viallard 1978). The precision and accuracy (based on standard additions and USEPA and NBS standard samples) of these measurements are, on average, within 5% of expected values.…”

Section: Water Quality Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geologic and atmospheric input factors affecting watershed chemistry in upper michigan

Rapp

Liukkonen

Allert

et al. 1987

Environ. Geol. Water Sci

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ABSTRACT/The relationships between watershed variables and lakewater chemistry were examined for 53 lakes in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan to identify factors influencing lake sensitivity to atmospheric inputs. The lakes lie in three distinct geologic/geomorphic regions. Acid neutralization capacity (ANC), sulfate, and color were correlated with parameters related to atmospheric loading, watershed area and relief, hydrology, geology, and land use for the entire 53-lake set and for lower alkalinity subsets. Acid-neutrafizing capacity was related to atmospheric acidic inputs and, in the southern portion of the Upper Peninsula, to the presence of mineralized groundwater inputs. In the north, ANC is correlated with hydrologic lake type and surficial deposits. Results show the highest density of acidified lakes in the northern region, which is underlain by noncalcareous sedimentary rocks. Color was related to lake size and the presence of organic soils in the watershed, whereas lake sulfate concentration was mainly influenced by atmospheric or groundwater inputs, surficial deposits, and soil type.

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Section: Water Quality Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geologic and atmospheric input factors affecting watershed chemistry in upper michigan

Rapp

Liukkonen

Allert

et al. 1987

Environ. Geol. Water Sci

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“…At given temperature these coefficients depend on the limiting conductances of the corresponding ions, on the viscosity and the dielectric constant of water; the linear term in (11) depends also on the distance of closest approach a^. The complete expressions for the coefficients are presented in [1,15,16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For unsymmetrical electrolytes, the coefficients Sj, Ej, and are available from the Quint-Viallard theory [15,16], and with E-= 0 and J l7 = 0(ll) reduces to the Onsager limiting equation [17]. At given temperature these coefficients depend on the limiting conductances of the corresponding ions, on the viscosity and the dielectric constant of water; the linear term in (11) depends also on the distance of closest approach a^.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conductance Studies of Aqueous Succinic Acid

Apelblat

Barthel

1992

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung A

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Conductance measurements of aqueous solutions of succinic acid and of di-sodium succinate were performed from 278.15 to 308.15 K and the limiting conductances A 0 (1/2 Succ 2-) are reported. The Waiden product is independent of temperature: A 0 (1/2 Succ 2~) • >/(T) = 0.503 ± 0.001. The salt conductances closely obey the Onsager limiting law. The evaluation of the equilibrium constants for the primary and secondary steps of dissociation, K l and K 2 , and the limiting conductances of the hydrosuccinate ion, (HSucc -), are discussed using the Quint and Viallard conductance equation.

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“…The conductivities of unsymmetric electrolytes of any type can rigorously be treated only since 1978, after the appearance of the LeeWheaton [2,3] and the Quint-Viallard [4][5][6] conductivity equations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was demonstrated [7] that Dq 2 Fe(CN) 6 has characteristic outer-sphere charge transfer (OSCT) bands in the absorption spectra in the visible region, which can be used to assess the stability constants and extinction coefficients of ion pairs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conductometric and UV–Visible Spectroscopic Studies on Association in Dilute Aqueous Solutions of Dq2Fe(CN)6

et al. 2015

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Electrical conductivities and electronic absorption spectra of Dq 2 Fe(CN) 6 (where Dq 2? is diquat, the N,N 0 -ethylene-2,2 0 -bipyridine cation) were measured in dilute solutions in water. Experimental data were interpreted in terms of a molecular model which includes the presence of 1:1 and 2:1 associates. Initially, electrical conductivities and absorption spectra were treated using the Quint-Viallard conductivity equations and modified Hemmes algorithm in a limited concentration range, when only minor 2:1 complex formation is expected. The thermodynamic association constant of the 1:1 complex (K 1 = 17,800 ± 1800 dm 3 Ámol -1 ) and the corresponding contact distance (r min = 5.31 ± 0.07 Å ) were evaluated from the spectral data. Analysis of the conductivity data resulted in K 1 = 16,500 ± 1500 dm 3 Ámol -1 (r min = 5.38 ± 0.07 Å ). Both contact distances were found to agree with the FeÁÁÁN distances in crystalline DqH 2 Fe(CN) 6 Á4H 2 O and Dq 2 Fe(CN) 6 Á6H 2 O. This agreement allowed us to use the same r min value to estimate the association constant of the 2:1 complex in accordance to the Fuoss-Krauss theory. Both K 1 and K 2 were used to calculate electrical conductivities and optical absorbancies in the concentration range up to 5 mmolÁdm -3 . Satisfactory agreement was achieved between calculated and experimental data.

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Electrical conductance of electrolyte mixtures of any type

Cited by 83 publications

References 8 publications

Geologic and atmospheric input factors affecting watershed chemistry in upper michigan

Geologic and atmospheric input factors affecting watershed chemistry in upper michigan

Conductance Studies of Aqueous Succinic Acid

Conductometric and UV–Visible Spectroscopic Studies on Association in Dilute Aqueous Solutions of Dq2Fe(CN)6

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