Electrical Collection of Membrane-intact and Dehydrogenase-positive Symbiotic Bacteria from the Deep-sea Bivalve <i>Calyptogena Okutanii</i>

Abstract

We electrically collected membrane-intact and dehydrogenase-positive chemosynthetic symbiotic bacteria from fresh gill tissues of the deep-sea bivalve Calyptogena okutanii. The symbiotic bacteria in the homogenized gill tissues were attached to an indium tin oxide/glass electrode by a −0.3-V vs. Ag/AgCl constant potential application for 2 h at 4°C. The attached symbiotic bacteria were detached by applying a +10-mV vs. Ag/AgCl, 9-MHz triangular wave potential. This electrical collection method holds potential for molecular and cellular analyses of both hostsymbiont interactions and symbiont metabolism in chemosynthetic symbioses.

Electrical Retrieval of Living Streptomycete Spores Using a Potential-Controlled ITO Electrode

“…1A). [31][32][33] A large electrode chamber device [31][32][33] was used for collecting microorganisms from the deep-sea sediment core samples. The microelectrode array 35 was formed by the plane ITO electrode fabricated with SiO 2 and water-repellent coating with fluorine compound (Geomatec Co., Ltd.; the contact angle of water droplets is about 115°).…”

“…[31][32][33] The mechanisms by which the high-frequency wave potential induced electrical detachment involve both oscillation of the negative zeta potential-charged cells and insertion of water molecules between the electrode surface and attached cells. [31][32][33][34] High-frequency wave potential-induced cell detachment is practically noncytotoxic, [31][32][33][34] since 91% of the residual soil microorganisms attached to the ITO electrode remained alive after 60 min of a «10 mV vs. Ag/AgCl, 9 MHz triangular-wave potential application in PBS(¹). 31 The electrically retrieved sponge-associated microorganisms could be cultured on agar medium after detachment from the ITO electrode by a «20 mV vs. Ag/AgCl, 9 MHz sine-wave potential application for 20 min in ASW.…”

“…32 Using the electrical retrieval method, we obtained a wide range of microorganisms including 19 phyla of deep-sea sediment bacteria, 31 32 phyla of sponge-associated bacteria, 32 three phyla of spongeassociated archaea, 32 budding yeast, 35 and symbiotic bacteria from the deep-sea bivalve Calyptogena okutanii. 33 Microorganisms such as Escherichia coli recognized small regions of the negative appliedpotential microelectrode and selectively attached to the 5 µmT circular microelectrode array. 31 The electrically attached microorganisms such as E. coli, Bacillus halodurans, Bacillus subtilis, Shewanella violacea, Shewanella oneidensis, and Kocuria rosea produced short fibrous materials and were immobilized on the negative potential-applied electrode surface.…”

Towards Easy-to-Use Bacteria Sensing: Modeling and Simulation of a New Environmental Impedimetric Biosensor in Fluids

“…However, crucial for impedance spectroscopy method and for effective attraction are the spatial dimensions and layout of the electrodes, as the corresponding distribution of the electric field highly defines the sensor system behavior. Even though many experimental approaches have been taken [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ], the precise underlying concepts to EIS bacterial detection have not yet been investigated thoroughly by numerical approaches.…”

“…First, the attraction of bacteria and their adhesion on the sensor surface is considered. Applying DC potentials on electrodes to move and attract microorganisms in solution has been scientifically proven [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ].…”