Electrical charges in nonaqueous media

Morrison, Ian D.

doi:10.1016/0927-7757(93)80026-b

Cited by 306 publications

(390 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…This feeding technique is employed to ensure uniform copolymer composition, so as to optimize the yield of effective dispersant. 1 A standard glass dripping funnel can also be used.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2 The formation of charged species is important in many nonaqueous systems, including petroleum safety and the electrophoretic displays used in electronic paper devices. 3,4 A common system used to produce charged species in nonpolar solvents is by preparing dispersions of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) latexes with poly(12-hydroxystearic acid) (PHSA) brushes as steric stabilizers and the anionic surfactant, sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate (Aerosol OT or AOT), added as CCA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interaction between Surfactants and Colloidal Latexes in Nonpolar Solvents Studied Using Contrast-Variation Small-Angle Neutron Scattering

Smith

Alexander²,

Brown³

et al. 2014

Langmuir

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The interaction between deuterium-labeled Aerosol OT surfactant (AOT-D 34 ) and stericallystabilized poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) latex particles dispersed in nonpolar solvents has been studied using contrast-variation small-angle neutron scattering (CV-SANS). The electrophoretic mobilities (µ) of the latexes have been measured by phase-analysis light scattering, * To whom correspondence should be addressed † School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom

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“…This feeding technique is employed to ensure uniform copolymer composition, so as to optimize the yield of effective dispersant. 1 A standard glass dripping funnel can also be used.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between Surfactants and Colloidal Latexes in Nonpolar Solvents Studied Using Contrast-Variation Small-Angle Neutron Scattering

Smith

Alexander²,

Brown³

et al. 2014

Langmuir

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“…Dispersions of colloids in nonpolar solvents are prevalent in soft matter nanoscience [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. The significance of such dispersions can be appreciated by considering the many various industrial sectors that make use of them, which include petrochemicals [13], lubricants [7,14,15], reprography [4,5], inkjet printing [5], magnetic recording media [4], rheological fluids [16,17], and electronic displays [18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The internal structure of poly(methyl methacrylate) latexes in nonpolar solvents

Smith

Finlayson

Gillespie

et al. 2016

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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“…Neutral reverse micelles can interact reversibly via a symmetric two-body mechanism to yield two reverse micelles with opposite charges [28,33]; the fraction of ionized reverse micelles χ is about 10 −5 , independent of C AOT . To quantify the effects of the reverse micelles on screening of charges, 1539-3755/2015/91(3)/030301 (5) 030301-1…”

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confidence: 99%

Crystallization and reentrant melting of charged colloids in nonpolar solvents

Kanai

Boon

et al. 2015

Phys. Rev. E

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We explore the crystallization of charged colloidal particles in a nonpolar solvent mixture. We simultaneously charge the particles and add counterions to the solution with aerosol-OT (AOT) reverse micelles. At low AOT concentrations, the charged particles crystallize into body-centered-cubic (bcc) or face-centered-cubic (fcc) Wigner crystals; at high AOT concentrations, the increased screening drives a thus far unobserved reentrant melting transition. We observe an unexpected scaling of the data with particle size, and account for all behavior with a model that quantitatively predicts both the reentrant melting and the data collapse. Colloidal particles can spontaneously form structures that exhibit long-range ordered states, making them a fascinating system for fundamental studies of crystal phase behavior [1][2][3][4]. The majority of studies focus on colloids which model the hard-sphere interaction, a strong repulsion that prevents particles from overlapping, whose range is restricted to contact [5]. Hard-sphere crystallization is driven through purely entropic effects, and the phase behavior is well studied [5][6][7][8][9]. Typically, the colloids used for these studies are stericallystabilized polymeric particles in nonaqueous solvents, which can match both the density ρ and refractive index n of the particles, enabling confocal microscopy to be used for these investigations. Even earlier studies focused on charged particles, where crystallization is driven by strong long-range repulsive interactions arising from Coulombic charges on the particles [1,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. These studies were performed on particles in aqueous solvents, which makes charge effects much easier to induce, but precludes index matching, limiting the use of optical techniques except at very low densities. Instead, x-ray scattering studies [23] showed a fascinating phase behavior of Wigner crystals, including a body-centered-cubic (bcc) phase at low concentration, and a solid-solid transition to a face-centered-cubic (fcc) phase at higher densities [15][16][17][18]24,25]. It is also possible to induce charge on particles in nonaqueous solvents through the addition of charge control agents [21,[26][27][28]. However, in this case, there is strong coupling between the charge on the particle surface and the ions in solution. Charge-induced crystallization should still be expected, although new behavior may also occur as a consequence of this coupling. Nevertheless, these systems have never been investigated experimentally, and the range of potential behavior has not yet been explored.In this Rapid Communication, we investigate the crystallization behavior of colloidal particles in nonpolar solvents. By adding aerosol-OT (AOT) reverse micelles, we both charge the particles and add ions to the solution. As AOT concentration increases from zero, the system undergoes a first transition from fluid to a charge-stabilized bcc Wigner crystal, and * Corresponding author: plu@fas.harvard.edu then a second solid-sol...

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Electrical charges in nonaqueous media

Cited by 306 publications

References 128 publications

Interaction between Surfactants and Colloidal Latexes in Nonpolar Solvents Studied Using Contrast-Variation Small-Angle Neutron Scattering

Interaction between Surfactants and Colloidal Latexes in Nonpolar Solvents Studied Using Contrast-Variation Small-Angle Neutron Scattering

The internal structure of poly(methyl methacrylate) latexes in nonpolar solvents

Crystallization and reentrant melting of charged colloids in nonpolar solvents

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