Electrical Characteristics of Thunderstorms Under Different Weather Conditions in the Kashmir Valley, India

Victor, Jeni; Afreen, Shaista; Siingh, Devendraa; Chandra, Saket; Singh, R. P.; Potdar, Swapnil S.; Bashir, Gowher; Kazhugasalamoorthy, S.; Kumar, R. Nirmal; Singh, V.; Ahmad, Nauman

doi:10.1007/s00024-022-03223-5

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Similarly, a study of hailstorms in Kashmir, compiled from archived newspapers (Bhat et al, 2024), found that most storms occurred between April and June. Victor et al (2023) argued that the seasonal peak in thunderstorm activity over Kashmir (May to June) was caused by moisture transport from WDs reducing CIN, rather than increasing CAPE which can be supplanted by orographic lifting. Dutta et al (2016) used a C-band polarimetric radar in Delhi to examine four winter hailstorms.…”

Section: Coldwavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Western disturbances and climate variability: a review of recent developments

Hunt,

Baudouin,

Turner

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Abstract. Western disturbances (WDs) are synoptic-scale weather systems embedded within the subtropical westerly jet. Manifesting as upper-level troughs often associated with a lower-tropospheric low over Western India, they share some dynamical features with extratropical cyclones. WDs are most common during the boreal winter (December to March), during which they bring the majority of precipitation – both rain and snow – to the Western Himalaya, as well as to surrounding areas of north India, Pakistan and the Tibetan Plateau. WDs are also associated with weather hazards such as heavy snowfall, hailstorms, fog, cloudbursts, avalanches, frost, and coldwaves. In this paper, we review the recent understanding and development on WDs. Recent studies have collectively made use of novel data, novel analysis techniques, and the increasing availability of high-resolution weather and climate models. This review is separated into six main sections – structure and thermodynamics, precipitation and impacts, teleconnections, modelling experiments, forecasting at a range of scales, and paleoclimate and climate change – each motivated with a brief discussion of the accomplishments and limitations of previous research. A number of step changes in understanding are synthesised. Use of new modelling frameworks and tracking algorithms has significantly improved knowledge of WD structure and variability, and a more frequentist approach can now be taken. Improved observation systems have helped quantification of water security over the Western Himalaya. Convection-permitting models have improved our understanding of how WDs interact with the Himalayas to trigger natural hazards. Improvements in paleoclimate and future climate modelling experiments have helped to explain how WDs and their impacts over the Himalaya respond to large-scale natural and anthropogenic forcings. We end by summarising unresolved questions and outlining key future WD research topics.

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Section: Coldwavesmentioning

confidence: 99%