Electrical Callus and Callus Formation by Electret

Intraoperative measurement of bone electrical potential: a piece in the puzzle of understanding fracture healing

“…This can be explained, namely this is an intraoperative study, performed on human subjects, in an acute period after injury.. Probe was placed near the fracture site, and it was placed bicorticaly. One other studies also described bone potentials as high as 300 mV 24 .…”

The Electrical Response to Injury: Molecular Mechanisms and Wound Healing

“…96 In vivo recordings from human tibia while walking have indicated a piezoelectric response as high as 300 mV. 97 Bone fracture produces a large but short-lived current and also a smaller prolonged and stable current driven by a cellular battery. 95 This bone fracture current is carried mainly by chloride ions; immersion in Cl -free solution reverses the current polarity.…”

Endogenous voltage gradients as mediators of cell-cell communication: strategies for investigating bioelectrical signals during pattern formation

“…This is an extremely attractive property for biomedicine, because it suggests that desirable tissue outcomes can be induced long before we know everything needed to directly micromanage the assembly of a complex organ or appendage (Levin 2009b, 2011b). Although a large body of literature exists showing the promise of applied electric fields in biomedicine (Albert and Wong 1991; Shapiro et al 2005; Walters 2010; Yasuda 1974, 1977), the recently developed molecular-genetic techniques for bioelectric modulation have not yet been applied in human patients. They are currently being used to dissect these pathways in animal model systems and may offer unprecedented levels of spatio-temporal control of physiological signals that regulate cell growth and organ anatomy.…”