Electrical battery model for dynamic simulations of hybrid electric vehicles

Abstract

This paper presents an electrical battery model for lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries that can be used for dynamic simulations of hybrid electric non-road mobile machinery (NRMM) and other vehicles. Although the model has been developed mainly for large vehicle batteries with Li-ion based chemistries, it can be used for other battery chemistries as well. The parameters can be extracted from simple measurement sets. The model calculates e.g. state-of-charge, terminal voltage, and open-circuit voltage. In this paper, the model structure and parameter extraction are explained in detail, and a model for a 25.9 V lithium-ion polymer battery module with 40 Ah cells is presented. Parameters are extracted from experimental measurements and the model is validated by making another experiment with more realistic hybrid electric NRMM current profile.

Adaptive Nonlinear Model-Based Fault Diagnosis of Li-Ion Batteries

“…Different equivalent circuit models exist [10,[17][18][19] The equivalent circuit used in this study is an extension to the Thevenin model; with an additional RC parallel circuit element. This model offers a better representation of electrochemical phenomenon like the distribution of reactivity at the electrode, the interfacial impedance, and the electron and ion migration resistance at a lower computational effort [10,20].…”

Analysis of the Current Electric Battery Models for Electric Vehicle Simulation

“…Several works focused on the development of this model for electromobility application can be found in the current literature, the most usual being those composed of a second-order Thevenin model [13,78] and a third-order Thevenin model [5,79,80]. In the first sub-circuit, R self-dis is a self-discharge resistance, C Cap is a capacitor representing the charge stored in battery, and I(t) is a current controlled current source, measuring the current flowing in sub-circuit 2.…”

“…Although there are other alternatives such as hydrogen storage, a battery is also required for DC bus voltage stabilization and switching on of other essential or auxiliary devices of the fuel cell system [1]. High capital costs, limited lifetime, and relatively poor performance at low temperatures are the most important issues in EVs [2][3][4][5]. Therefore, the development of efficient storage technologies is an essential part for electromobility [6].…”

Battery State-of-Charge Estimation with Extended Kalman-Filter using Third-Order Thevenin Model

“…Previous studies show that the accuracy of the predicted battery response is enhanced by applying higher order of Thevenin equivalent circuit model [12]. It is also proven that the third order Thevenin equivalent circuit model is reliable to capture the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of Li-ion battery [12], [13].…”