Electrical and contractile activities of the human rectosigmoid.

Sarna, S. K.; Latimer, Paul; Campbell, Dugal; Waterfall, W. E.

doi:10.1136/gut.23.8.698

Cited by 48 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…If the ICC acted as the pacemakers, the frequency of the slow waves generated in the underlying circular smooth muscle cells would also be the same and phase locked along substantial lengths of each of the major organs in the gut. However, the slow waves in the colon and the distal small intestine are variable in frequency and not phase locked (132,134,135,138). The answer to this quandary is unknown.…”

Section: The Roles Of Icc In the Generation And Propagation Of Slow Wmentioning

confidence: 95%

Are interstitial cells of Cajal plurifunction cells in the gut?

Sarna¹

2008

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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The proposed functions of the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are to 1) pace the slow waves and regulate their propagation, 2) mediate enteric neuronal signals to smooth muscle cells, and 3) act as mechanosensors. In addition, impairments of ICC have been implicated in diverse motility disorders. This review critically examines the available evidence for these roles and offers alternate explanations. This review suggests the following: 1) The ICC may not pace the slow waves or help in their propagation. Instead, they may help in maintaining the gradient of resting membrane potential (RMP) through the thickness of the circular muscle layer, which stabilizes the slow waves and enhances their propagation. The impairment of ICC destabilizes the slow waves, resulting in attenuation of their amplitude and impaired propagation.2) The one-way communication between the enteric neuronal varicosities and the smooth muscle cells occurs by volume transmission, rather than by wired transmission via the ICC. 3) There are fundamental limitations for the ICC to act as mechanosensors.4) The ICC impair in numerous motility disorders. However, a cause-and-effect relationship between ICC impairment and motility dysfunction is not established. The ICC impair readily and transform to other cell types in response to alterations in their microenvironment, which have limited effects on motility function. Concurrent investigations of the alterations in slow-wave characteristics, excitationcontraction and excitation-inhibition couplings in smooth muscle cells, neurotransmitter synthesis and release in enteric neurons, and the impairment of the ICC are required to understand the etiologies of clinical motility disorders. smooth muscle; slow waves; enteric neurons; excitation-contraction coupling; peristaltic reflex; motility disorders; volume transmission; synaptic transmission, ICC THE INTERSTITIAL CELLS WERE characterized originally by Raymond V. Cajal (20,21). These cells got his attention and that of others because they are intercalated between the autonomic nerves and the effector cells. On the basis of the understanding of the interneuronal communication in the central nervous system (CNS) at that time, Cajal proposed that the intercalating cells [later called the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC)] mediate the transmission of signals from the autonomic neurons to the smooth muscle cells. A few years later, Keith (84) observed a collar of similar cells in the myenteric plexus of the rat ileocecal junction. He was looking for a pacemaker of the gut smooth muscle electrical activity because a few years earlier he had identified such a pacemaker in the sinoatrial node of the heart. He hypothesized that those interstitial cells were the pacemaker cells in the gut. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, several investigators described a plexus of the ICC within the myenteric and submucosal plexi of the small and large intestines. They also identified close connections between the enteric axonal varicosities and ICC processes on one side and g...

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Section: The Roles Of Icc In the Generation And Propagation Of Slow Wmentioning

confidence: 95%

Are interstitial cells of Cajal plurifunction cells in the gut?

Sarna¹

2008

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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“…9). Electrical activity recorded from the mucosa and its relation to muscular activities Because intraluminal electrodes have been used to obtain information on the electrical activity of the muscle coat of the colon in vivo (Taylor et al 1975;Snape, Carlson & Cohen, 1977;Sarna et al 1982), it was of interest to determine the extent to which the electrical activity recorded from the mucosa reflects the activities of the muscle layers. This question was examined in preparations which allowed simultaneous recording from the mucosa and the two muscle layers (preparation E in Fig.…”

Section: Effect Of Tetrodotoxinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both slow-wave activity and spike discharges have been recorded from this organ in a number of species including the cat (Christensen, Caprilli & Lund, 1969;Christensen & Hauser, 1971;Wienbeck & Christensen, 1972), dog (El-Sharkawy, 1978; Kocylowski, Bowes & Kingma, 1979), rabbit (Gillespie, 1968;Jule, 1974), mouse (Wood, 1973) and man (Taylor, Duthie, Smallwood & Linkens, 1975;Sarna, Bardakjian, Waterfall & Lund, 1980;Sarna, Waterfall, Bardakjian & Lund, 1981;Sarna, Latimer, Campbell & Waterfall, 1982). However, in most studies the relationship between the slow waves and spike bursts and of both of these to contractions were variable and inconsistent with the pace-maker role advanced for their counterpart in the small intestine.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spike discharge occurs both as short bursts associated with the slow waves and as long bursts spanning a number of slow waves (cat: Christensen, Anuras, & Hauser, 1974;man: Sarna et al 1981man: Sarna et al , 1982. Furthermore, periods of high frequency electrical oscillations (30-60 c/min) were recorded from both feline (Christensen et al 1969) and human (Sarna et al 1981(Sarna et al , 1982 colon. It is thus not surprising that no conceptual image ofthe electrophysiological mechanisms controlling colonic motility has emerged.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Electrical activities of the muscle layers of the canine colon.

El-Sharkawy¹

1983

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The spontaneous electrical and mechanical activities of the circular and longitudinal muscle layers of the canine colon were studied.2. The smooth muscle cells of the circular muscle layer exhibited regular, omnipresent myogenic slow-wave activity at a frequency ranging from 4 to 7 c/min. With intracellular micro-electrodes, the slow-wave amplitude was 21-38 mV and its duration 3-6 sec. The 'resting' membrane potential was -60 to -76 mV. Some slow waves had superimposed spike bursts on their peak depolarizations and only these were associated with phasic contractions. It is concluded that they serve a pace-maker function similar to their counterpart in the small intestine.3. The longitudinal muscle layer exhibited periods ofelectrical activity alternating with periods ofelectrical quiescence. During the activity periods electrical oscillations occurred at a frequency of c/min with spikes on top of them. Each electrical activity period was associated with a prolonged 'tonic' contraction. The duration of these periods was 30-120 sec and their frequency 0A4-1 1 period/min. This activity is similar to that recorded from the longitudinal muscle of the guinea-pig caecum despite the anatomical differences.4. The electrical activity periods of the longitudinal muscle appeared to require an excitatory input (stretch and/or acetylcholine release). Provided the strips were not excessively stretched, atropine abolished all electrical and motor activity.Stretching prolonged the electrical activity periods until they eventually fused together and the muscle developed maintained tone.5. Simultaneously recording from both layers showed that, although electrotonic spread between the two layers is probably insignificant, the activity of the two layers was co-ordinated. Only those slow waves of the circular layer that occurred during the electrical activity periods of the longitudinal layer had superimposed spikes. It is suggested that this co-ordination may indicate that the two muscle layers may be commanded by a common input from periodically active, cholinergic intramural neurones.It is proposed that the complex patterns of colonic electrical and motor activities may be explained as consisting of two major components: one arising from the longitudinal (long spike bursts, high-frequency oscillations and tonic contractions) and the other from the circular layer (slow waves, short spike and phasic contractions).T. Y. EL-SHARKA WY 7. Simultaneous electrical records from the two muscle layers and the mucosa failed to show a consistent relationship between the mucosal record and the activity ofeither layer. Caution should be exercised in the interpretation of intraluminally derived electrical recordings.

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“…The electroencephalograph was preset to record potential differences from the following electrode pairs: E1 (2-3), E2 (7-8), E3 (12-13), E4 (17-18), E5 (22)(23), and E6 (27-28) 2.5 cm apart from one another ( Fig. 1).…”

Section: Vol 40 No 1 Rectosigmoid Electromyography and Motility 95mentioning

confidence: 99%

Is colonic electrical activity a similar phenomena to small-bowel electrical activity?

Medeiros¹,

Pontes²,

Mesquita³

1997

Diseases of the Colon &Amp; Rectum

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PURPOSE: This study was designed to investigate colonic spike bursts regarding 1) their migration behavior, 2) their pressure correlates, and 3) comparing colonic short spike bursts with spike bursts from migrating myoelectric complex from the small bowel. METHODS: Rectosigmoid electromyography and manometry were recorded simultaneously in seven normal volunteers and electromyography alone in five others during two hours of fasting and for two hours after one 2,100-kJ meal. One patient with an ileostomy was also studied by the same method to record the migrating myoelectric complex from the terminal ileum during fasting. RESULTS: Three kinds of spike bursts were observed in the pelvic colon: rhythmic short spike bursts, migrating long spike bursts, and nonmigrating long spike bursts. The meal significantly increased the number of migrating and nomnigrating long spike bursts (from 25 to 38.7 percent of the recording time; P < 0.01). These bursts of potentials showed a peak 15 minutes after the meal, which may be caused by the gastrocolic reflex. Migrating long spike bursts started anywhere along the rectosigmoid and migrated from there aborad 82 percent of the time and orad or in both directions in 10 or 7 percent of the time, respectively. They originated pressure waves 99 percent of the time. Short spike bursts were more frequent before the meal (15.1 percent before and 9.6 percent after the meal), but the difference was not significant; they neither propagated nor initiated pressure waves detected by the miniballoon. CONCLUSIONS: Migrating long spike bursts were the only potentials that migrated, sometimes for short distances. Short spike bursts are a different phenomenon from the small-bowel migrating myoelectric complex because they do not migrate; they can occur during the postprandial period and never originated intraluminal pressure waves.

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Electrical and contractile activities of the human rectosigmoid.

Cited by 48 publications

References 10 publications

Are interstitial cells of Cajal plurifunction cells in the gut?

Are interstitial cells of Cajal plurifunction cells in the gut?

Electrical activities of the muscle layers of the canine colon.

Is colonic electrical activity a similar phenomena to small-bowel electrical activity?

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