Electrical Activity of the Small Intestine

Daniel, E. E.; Dr, Carlow; Bt, Wachter; Wh, Sutherland; Bogoch, A.

doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(19)35414-9

Cited by 56 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…To date a variety of agents have been shown to effect small bowel myoelectrical activity both in vivo and in vitro (McMahon, Code, Sauer, and Bargen, 1949;Daniel, Carlow, Wachter, Sutherland, and Bogoch, 1959;Bennett and Whitney, 1966;Neely, 1968). The effects of caerulein and serotonin in stimulating small bowel motility and also causing a decrease in PSP frequency have been demonstrated by Labo, Barbara, Lanfranchi, Bortolotti, and Miglioli (1971).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The electrical and motor actions of gastrointestinal hormones on the duodenum in man

Waterfall¹,

Duthie²,

Brown³

1973

Gut

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SUMMARY The electrical and motor activity was recorded from the duodenum in 16 conscious human subjects in resting conditions. The main electrical wave form variously known as the pacesetter potential or slow wave was constantly present and periodically accompanied by a second electrical trace consisting of rapid bursts of fast waves or action potentials which were related to motor waves. Secretin and the synthetic analogue of gastrin, pentagastrin, were given in separate tests and their complementary actions on myoelectrical activity are reported. In general, secretin (in six subjects) depressed and pentagastrin (in eight subjects) enhanced motor activity and bursts of action potentials.Over the past four decades myoelectrical activity has been recorded from the muscular layer of the human alimentary tract (Alvarez, 1929;Daniel, Wachter, Honour, and Bogoch, 1958; Christensen, Schedl, and Clifton, 1966;Couturier, Roze, Paolaggi, and Debray, 1971 ;Kwong, Brown, Whittaker, and Duthie, 1971a). Two types of electrical activity are recognized: an ever-present cyclical change in potential called the slow wave or pacesetter potential and intermittent activity consisting of action potential bursts superimposed on the slow wave. Action potential bursts are temporarily related to motor activity, each burst accompanying a motor wave.The relationship between electrical activity and motility is clearly established but to date there has been little information concerning the overall regulation of myoelectrical activity. However, Kwong, Brown, Whittaker, and Duthie (1971b) demonstrated the potentiation of the pacesetter potential (PSP) and motor waves in the normal human stomach by pentagastrin and the inhibitory effects of secretin. More recently the effects of these two hormones in the terminal ileum in patients with an ileostomy have been reported . We now report the modifying influence of pentagastrin and secretin on the electrical and motor activity of the duodenum in man. MethodA heterogeneous group of individuals comprising

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The electrical and motor actions of gastrointestinal hormones on the duodenum in man

Waterfall¹,

Duthie²,

Brown³

1973

Gut

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“…It was generally held that the pacesetter from the antrum of the stomach does not pass beyond the pylorus in animals (Allen, Poole, and Code, 1964) and the pylorus was termed an 'electrical insulator' (Bass, Code, and Lambert, 1961). However, in animal experiments, some workers have detected antral activity in the pylorus itself (Llanfranchi, Barbara, and Bartolotti, 1968) and in the duodenum (Daniel, Carlow, Wachter, Sutherland, andBogoch, 1959: Bortoff andWeg, 1965;Bortoff and Davis, 1968). We have studied this question in man, using implanted electrodes, and have found that the pacesetter potential is conducted from the stomach to the duodenum.…”

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confidence: 99%

Pacesetter potential of the human gastroduodenal junction

Duthie¹,

Kwong²,

Brown³

et al. 1971

Gut

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SheffieldSUMMARY The pacesetter potential of the gastric antrum and proximal duodenum has been recorded in man by electrodes placed under the serosal coat of the gut. The typical 3 cycle/min of the stomach was found to be conducted across the pylorus into the first part of the duodenum at a rate (2 cm/sec) about four times as fast as its conduction in the more proximal antrum (0.5 cm/sec). A 3 cycle/min pacesetter potential could be detected as far distally in the duodenum as 10 cm from the pylorus.Rhythmic electrical waves are present in the smooth muscle of the stomach and the duodenum at all times, even when motor activity is in abeyance. These electrical cycles are known as the pacesetter potentials. When motor activity occurs, another type of electrical activity, known as spike activity or action potentials, is present during the latter part of the pacesetter potential. It was generally held that the pacesetter from the antrum of the stomach does not pass beyond the pylorus in animals (Allen, Poole, and Code, 1964) and the pylorus was termed an 'electrical insulator' (Bass, Code, and Lambert, 1961). However, in animal experiments, some workers have detected antral activity in the pylorus itself (Llanfranchi, Barbara, and Bartolotti, 1968) and in the duodenum (Daniel, Carlow, Wachter, Sutherland, and Bogoch, 1959: Bortoff andWeg, 1965;Bortoff and Davis, 1968). We have studied this question in man, using implanted electrodes, and have found that the pacesetter potential is conducted from the stomach to the duodenum. MethodStainless steel electrodes, 0-25 mm in diameter, were implanted just under the serosa of the distal 4 cm of the gastric antrum and the proximal 12 cm of the duodenum in 10 subjects, aged 28 to 52 years, undergoing cholecystectomy. The procedure was fully explained and informed consent was given by the patients. Two gastric electrodes were placed

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“…Effect ofquinidine on electrical and motor activity ofcanine small bowel 565 Bogoch, 1959;Bortoff, 1961;Bass et al, 1961;Nakayama, and Nanba, 1961;McCoy and Bass, 1963;Allen et al, 1964). One, designated as the basic electrical rhythm, is omnipresent and cyclic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of quinidine on electrical and motor activity of canine small bowel.

Garrett¹,

Schlegel²,

Code³

1966

Gut

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EDITORIAL COMMENT This is a valuable contribution to knowledge of the way in which drugs may affect intestinal motility. A study on the effects of quinidine exemplifies the use of an elegant experimental technique in which the electrical activity in the wall of the gut, the intraluminal pressure, and the transit rate of intestinal contents are related. The results with quinidine are very interesting and further studies of this type should advance our understanding of gastrointestinal pharmacology.Quinidine sometimes causes diarrhoea, which may be the consequence of hypermotility. This study was undertaken to determine whether quinidine alters the motor action of the small bowel of dogs. The motor action of the bowel was assessed by determination of the electrical activity in the muscle of its wall, its intraluminal pressure, and its radiological appearance before and after the administration of quinidine. METHODS AND PROCEDURESElectrical and pressure characteristics of the small bowel were observed during 15 tests on seven dogs. Two dogs had duodenal Biebl loops (1930), three had jejunal MannBollman fistulas (1931), and two had ileal Thiry-Vella loops. Two intact dogs were observed radiologically. The animals were trained to lie quietly during tests, without anaesthesia. They were fasted at least 22 hours before observations were made.Smooth-muscle electrical potentials were detected in the dogs with Biebl loops by inserted stainless steel electrodes (Bass, Code, and Lambert, 1961) and in the other dogs by chronic, indwelling silver-silver chloride electrodes which had been sewn to the surface of the bowel at a prior operation (McCoy and Bass, 1963;Allen, Poole, and Code, 1964) or by intraluminal electrodes placed in the bowel during the tests (Garrett, Schlegel, and Hoffman, 1963;Christensen, Schedl, and Clifton, 1964). An indifferent electrode under the skin of the thigh served as a reference. The five-minute period immediately preceding administration of quinidine was used as a control, and the effects of quinidine were estimated during the second, sixth, and eleventh minutes after its administration. The cycles of the basic electrical rhythm were counted in each period and their frequency expressed as cycles per minute. The number of cycles of basic electrical rhythm on which 'spike' or 'fast' activity was superimposed was enumerated, and their incidence was expressed as a percentage of the total number of cycles.Intraluminal pressures were conducted to strain-gauge transducers by water-filled polyethylene tubes. In most tests the ends of the tubes within the gut were open; in some they were covered with tiny balloons. The detecting tips were placed as close as possible to the location of the electrodes. The incidence, duration, and amplitude of type I pressure waves were measured during the same periods as the electrical activity was analysed. The coincidence of spike potentials with pressure changes was noted during these periods. In an attempt to define further the relationship of spike potentials to cont...

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Electrical Activity of the Small Intestine

Cited by 56 publications

References 9 publications

The electrical and motor actions of gastrointestinal hormones on the duodenum in man

The electrical and motor actions of gastrointestinal hormones on the duodenum in man

Pacesetter potential of the human gastroduodenal junction

Effect of quinidine on electrical and motor activity of canine small bowel.

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