Electric Vehicles Charging Management System for Optimal Exploitation of Photovoltaic Energy Sources Considering Vehicle-to-Vehicle Mode

Abstract

The growing penetration of distributed renewable energy sources (RES) together with the increasing number of new electric vehicle (EV) model registrations is playing a significant role in zero-carbon energy communities’ development. However, the ever-larger share of intermittent renewable power plants, combined with the high and uncontrolled aggregate EV charging demand, requires an evolution toward new planning and management paradigms of energy districts. Thus, in this context, this paper proposes novel smart charging (SC) techniques that aim to integrate as much as possible RES generation and EV charging demand at the local level, synergically acting on power flows and avoiding detrimental effects on the electrical power system. To make this possible, a centralized charging management system (CMS) capable of individually modulating each charging power of plugged EVs is presented in this paper. The CMS aims to maximize the charging self-consumption from local RES, flattening the peak power required to the external grid. Moreover, the CMS guarantees an overall good state of charge (SOC) at departure time for all the vehicles without requiring additional energy from the grid even under low RES power availability conditions. Two methods that differ as a function of the EV power flow direction are proposed. The first SC only involves unidirectional power flow, while the second one also considers bidirectional power flow among vehicles, operating in vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) mode. Finally, simulations, which are presented considering an actual case study, validate the SC effects on a reference scenario consisting of an industrial area having a photovoltaic (PV) plant, non-modulable electrical loads, and EV charging stations (CS). Results are collected and performance improvements by operating the different SC methods are compared and described in detail in this paper.

A Novel MIMO Control for Interleaved Buck Converters in EV DC Fast Charging Applications

“…15. The +33% current increment that can be observed is likely to occur in large EV charging facilities when power reallocation after the EV disconnection takes place [31]. Notice that the proposed MIMO control reaches the steady-state value without oscillations in less than 1 ms.…”

Power and Energy Demand to Support E-Mobility on Highway: The Italian Case Study

“…Section IV-A presents the methodology that, for each service area of the ASPI network, allows to calculate the expected energy consumption on a daily, monthly, and annual basis. The results obtained will make it possible to predict the expected consumption and, given the expected variations on a daily/monthly basis, the information derived from the calculation algorithm could make it possible to make predictive evaluations on the infrastructure: a typical use of these results could be the sizing of photovoltaic generation systems coupled with a storage system that makes it possible to cope with the energy needs linked to vehicle's recharging needs by maximizing, for example, the quota of self-consumption or minimizing the quota of energy taken from the grid [39]. Section IV-B presents the methodology to estimate the impact of EVs on the service areas in terms of power to be committed to allow the simultaneous recharging of inflowing EVs.…”

Vehicle to everything in the power grid (V2eG): A review on the participation of electric vehicles in power grid economic dispatch

“…During V2V services, the problem of vehicle path optimization and scheduling matching is solved in [85]. Thus, the grid load can be reduced [80, 84], and the renewable energy absorption is increased [81, 86, 87].…”

“…During V2V services, the problem of vehicle path optimization and scheduling matching is solved in [85]. Thus, the grid load can be reduced [80,84], and the renewable energy absorption is increased [81,86,87]. Generally, the purchase price set by the grid for the surplus electricity traded by EVs is usually much lower than the sale price charged for EVs.…”