Electric Vehicle Research in Indonesia: A Road map, Road tests, and Research Challenges

Asfani, Dimas Anton; Negara, I Made Yuslistya; Nugraha, Yoga Uta; Yuniarto, Muhammad Nur; Wikarta, Alief; Sidharta, Indra; Mukhlisin, Agus

doi:10.1109/mele.2020.2985485

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Among others, NAP 2020 highlights the development of the Next Generation Vehicle (NxGV) in the areas of charging, energy management, and safety. Meanwhile, Malaysian Green Technology and Climate Change Centre (MGTC), an agency of the Ministry of Environment and Water (KASA), drives the scope of green growth, climate change mitigation, and green lifestyle, which is Research and development (R & D) for EV-correlated technologies has been initiated by academia and industries in Indonesia [12,13]. The government has supported the R & D toward research grants over the last ten years.…”

Section: Ev Adoption Scenario In Malaysiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the context of technological deployment, due to its sizable market share, the Indonesian preference may determine how fast vehicle electrification will be, at least in Southeast Asia. Research and development (R&D) for EV-correlated technologies has been initiated by academia and industries in Indonesia [12,13]. The government has supported the R&D toward research grants over the last ten years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Electric Vehicles in Malaysia and Indonesia: Opportunities and Challenges

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the roadmaps of the automotive industry, the electric vehicle (EV) is regarded as a crucial technology for the future of automotive power systems. The EV has become a top priority of major global car manufacturers and is expected to disrupt the road transportation sector. In Malaysia and Indonesia, EVs just started as an important force. However, in Malaysia, the lack of EV infrastructure, along with its strong dependency on fossil fuels, poses an enormous challenge. The situation is very similar in Indonesia. Indonesia has huge potential as Southeast Asia’s largest vehicle market and a major nickel producer, an important EV battery ingredient. Therefore, this article addresses several critical issues in implementing EVs in Malaysia and Indonesia. In preparing this review, we have thoroughly selected very important EV keywords that are frequently asked. We have also interviewed some prominent figures in the field of EV to address the most critical aspects worth including in the paper. In doing so, we plan to provide content that will be beneficial not only to the academic world but also to the automotive industry in general. Firstly, a summary of the EV adoption scenario in each country was presented. Afterwards, the types of EVs and battery capacities available in both countries were explained. The next section focused on the adoption rate of EVs, followed by the discussion of EVs charging infrastructure. In addition to that, issues pertaining to vehicle tax credit were also addressed. The opportunities and challenges of EV were then addressed in depth before concluding remarks were given.

show abstract

Section: Ev Adoption Scenario In Malaysiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric Vehicles in Malaysia and Indonesia: Opportunities and Challenges

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Fossil fuel has been accused of pollution resulting for health risks and global warming (Blumer & Sass, 1972; Bose, 2010; F. Perera & Nadeau, 2022;Smith, 1993). In this case, government is pushing towards the usage of electric vehicles (Asfani et al, 2020). This is a contra productive initiative with gas stations which caused uncertainty for the business.…”

Section: Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategic Investment Analysis for the Gas Station Projects Using Build Operate and Transfer (Case Study: PT Pertamina, Besakih Bali)

Wulandari¹

2022

ijcsrr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

One of deployment planning from Pertamina is Besakih area in Bali. In this simple requirement, Pertamina need a further study to plan which type of gas stations will be implemented, COCO (Company Own Compant Operate) or DODO (Dealer Own Dealer Operate). COCO was found to be the viable option because DODO facing a major challenge based on the PESTLE and SWOT which is an issue related to government attitude towards greener technology such as electric vehicle. A several options for funding have been identified and well documented with several restrictions which are equity, loan, venture capital, and build operate transfer. If Pertamina need a new gas stations in terms of only 20% coming from capital (80% loan). Pertamina is not entitled to fund by venture capital as Pertamina is a state own company with rigid regulation. For the deployment of new gas station, the most expensive part is the land, therefore searching the solution through land funding is the most viable option. It was found that the strategy build, operate, and transfer (BOT) is a very interesting option. For the Pertamina, it erases the necessity for buying the land, on the other hand, for the land owner, it is better that their land could be useful for them in the next 15 years before they are getting all the facility transferred. The payback period is only 3,36 years with the IRR of 27,03% which is higher than the WACC. In case of Pertamina taking 80% loan and 20% equity, the NPV will return in the 5th year in start of the investment or 4th year in start of the operation. This strategy opens up new opportunities and solution for the business because it writes out land CAPEX necessity.

show abstract

“…The balancing process of the continuous operation mode differs from the timer mode in terms of the continuation even if the battery voltage on the stack is balanced. The balancing process shut off only when the MODE pin is pulled to low, so the timer mode operation is selected [1], [2], [5], [6] In the continuous mode operation, the balancing process is not terminated by a comparative sensor but terminated by TBAT timeout. It means that the auxiliary battery is always connected to the battery until TBAT timeout occurs, the voltage in the connected battery can change before it proceeds to the next battery.…”

Section: B Ltc3305 Balancing Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Microcontroller-Based Lead-Acid Battery Balancing System for Electric Vehicle Applications

Rospawan

Simatupang

2021

J. Elektron. dan Telekomun.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In application of lead-acid batteries for electrical vehicle applications, 48 V of four 12 V batteries in a series configuration are required. However, the battery stack is repeatedly charged and discharged during operation. Hence, differences in charging and discharging speeds may result in a different state-of-charge of battery cells. Without proper protection, it may cause an excessive discharge that leads to premature degradation of the battery. Therefore, a lead-acid battery requires a battery management system to extend the battery lifetime. Following the LTC3305 balancing scheme, the battery balancing circuit with auxiliary storage can employ an imbalance detection algorithm for sequential battery. It happens by comparing the voltage of a battery on the stack and the auxiliary storage. In this paper, we have replaced the function of LTC3305 by a NUCLEO F767ZI microcontroller, so that the balancing process, the battery voltage, the drawn current to or from the auxiliary battery, and the surrounding temperature can be fully monitored. The prototype of a microcontroller-based lead-acid battery balancing system for electrical vehicle application has been fabricated successfully in this work. The batteries voltage monitoring, the auxiliary battery drawn current monitoring, the overcurrent and overheat protection system of this device has also successfully built. Based on the experimental results, the largest voltage imbalance is between battery 1 and battery 2 with a voltage imbalance of 180 mV. This value is still higher than the target of voltage imbalance that must be lower than 12.5 mV. The balancing process for the timer mode operation is faster 1.5 times compared to the continuous mode operation. However, there were no overcurrent or overtemperature occurred during the balancing process for both timer mode and continuous mode operation. Furthermore, refinement of this device prototype is required in the future to improve the performance significantly.

show abstract

Electric Vehicle Research in Indonesia: A Road map, Road tests, and Research Challenges

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Electric Vehicles in Malaysia and Indonesia: Opportunities and Challenges

Electric Vehicles in Malaysia and Indonesia: Opportunities and Challenges

Strategic Investment Analysis for the Gas Station Projects Using Build Operate and Transfer (Case Study: PT Pertamina, Besakih Bali)

Microcontroller-Based Lead-Acid Battery Balancing System for Electric Vehicle Applications

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About