Electric vehicle integration - grid stability concerns and countermeasures

Dharmakeerthi, Pahala Gedara Herathlage Champa Hemamali

doi:10.14264/uql.2015.79

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 141 publications

(295 reference statements)

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“…The performance of the VHI strategy often results in harmonic-resistance tracking issues [123], stability margin issues and grid voltage deterioration at the PCC upon any slight changes in grid frequency resulting from additional EV loads, as reported in [124]. The application of the VHI approach in the ACBC strategy often drives the quadrature-axis impedance within the lower-frequency band to cause a decrease in grid current.…”

Section: Issues With the Acbc Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

State-of-the-Art Grid Stability Improvement Techniques for Electric Vehicle Fast-Charging Stations for Future Outlooks

Momoh,

Zulkifli,

Korba

et al. 2023

Energies

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The growing trend for electric vehicles (EVs) and fast-charging stations (FCSs) will cause the overloading of grids due to the high current injection from FCSs’ converters. The insensitive nature of the state of charge (SOC) of EV batteries during FCS operation often results in grid instability problems, such as voltage and frequency deviation at the point of common coupling (PCC). Therefore, many researchers have focused on two-stage converter control (TSCC) and single-stage converter (SSC) control for FCS stability enhancement, and suggested that SSC architectures are superior in performance, unlike the TSCC methods. However, only a few research works have focused on SSC techniques, despite the techniques’ ability to provide inertia and damping support through the virtual synchronous machine (VSM) strategy due to power decoupling and dynamic response problems. TSCC methods deploy current or voltage control for controlling EVs’ SOC battery charging through proportional-integral (PI), proportional-resonant (PR), deadbeat or proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers, but these are relegated by high current harmonics, frequency fluctuation and switching losses due to transient switching. This paper reviewed the linkage between the latest research contributions, issues associated with TSCC and SSC techniques, and the performance evaluation of the techniques, and subsequently identified the research gaps and proposed SSC control with SOC consideration for further research studies.

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Section: Issues With the Acbc Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

State-of-the-Art Grid Stability Improvement Techniques for Electric Vehicle Fast-Charging Stations for Future Outlooks

Momoh,

Zulkifli,

Korba

et al. 2023

Energies

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“…Nowadays a large number of EV charging loads are connected to distribution networks. The EV load characteristics indicate that there will be an increased tension on elements of the weak network system [26], [28]. This issue is reviewed in this section to gain a clear vision of the probable and expected troubles of EV charging and discharging on an electric distributed system.…”

Section: Impacts Of Ev On the Distribution Power System Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, [28] has identified EV charging as a way to use the distribution feature in an environment of mobile smart grid. The capacity to scale up for stimulated energy demand due to EVs may be limited by the weakness of the grid.…”

Section: Power System Issues With High Penetration Of Ev Charging In ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They comprise the capacitance and thermal constraints of the network segments. The study in [28] concluded that the voltage drop registered in some regions fell less than the standard constraints, and therefore, the system needed to be boosted. Subsequently, the studies must identify such limitations in each relevant network component.…”

Section: Power System Issues With High Penetration Of Ev Charging In ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following substations present a general review of existing EV network impact studies. Several studies have discussed concerning policies and processes used to reduce the influence associated with EVs battery charging/discharging on a large scale [28]. A comprehensive literature review is also presented about research and developments concerning vehicles' charging/discharging and their integrations with the electric distribution networks.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Electric vehicles based electric power grid support: a review

Rabie

Ghanem

Kaddah

et al. 2023

IJPEDS

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<span lang="EN-US">Grid connected electric vehicles (EVs) can provide energy quality services to ease intermittent renewable energy sources dependent, enhance grid stability performance, reliability and load balancing in the power system. Moreover, incorporating sufficient EVs into the power grid will assist reduce greenhouse gases. However, the unrestrained EVs charging impact the raise of peak request, frequency deflection, voltage instability, power quality from the acceptable limits. It can also cause overloading of the power system equipment and an increase in power losses. In this paper, the influences EV technologies on various energy systems, control scheme strategy, benefits, and motivational challenges are investigated. An overview of the impacts of uncontrolled EV loading on the electric power system and how controlled charging becomes benefit impacts is presented. Moreover, a review of the controlled charge and discharge benefits of EVs and the electrical serving involved in reduction of frequency deviation, voltage stability, power quality improvement is introduced. This review shows that integration of optimal control of EVs with a suitable optimization technique can improve and provide on time multi ancillary services of EV integrated with weak grid. In addition, this review provides research tracks which can be followed by researchers.</span>

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Impact analysis on distribution network due to coordinated electric ferry charging

Roy,

Alahakoon,

Rensburg

et al. 2024

IET Energy Syst Integration

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The maritime industry is a significant emitter of greenhouse gases in marine ecosystems, prompting a global shift towards renewable‐powered electric vessels, where energy storage is pivotal. The authors examine the potential ramifications of coordinating the charging of Electric Ferries (EFs) on local distribution networks, with Gladstone Marina in Queensland, Australia, serving as a case study. Employing OpenDSS software for power flow analysis, the authors utilise actual load data and simulate a network with four Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) representing proposed charging stations. The authors discuss the impact on bus voltage, load current, and power flow by integrating a storage controller to optimise BESS charging and discharging dynamics. The Dynamic Link Library (DLL) of MATLAB Simulink‐based BESS's dynamic model is linked with OpenDSS environment to replicate the actual electric ferry storage. Additionally, a user‐written DLL in Python regulates BESS charging and discharging by the storage controller according to load demand and BESS State of Charge for ensuring efficient operation within the network. The power flow results without inclusion of BESSs to the network, referred to as the base case, are used for relative comparison with the results in the coordinated mode. The power flow analysis suggests that bus voltages rise by approximately 1%–1.5%, while load current consumption decreases by around 2%–2.5% compared to the base case with variable load. Selected lines and transformers maintain consistent power flows. Notably, a reduction in total power consumption and losses is observed, particularly under an 80% load demand increase. These findings indicate that the coordinated mode with a storage controller effectively manages BESS charging and discharging according to demand. Moreover, the storage controller ensures system parameters remain within permissible limits. The support of real and reactive power by BESSs during peak hours validates their role as peak shavers for the test network, suggesting that EFs can operate in either Grid to Ferry mode during charging and Ferry to Grid mode during discharging.

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Electric vehicle integration - grid stability concerns and countermeasures

Cited by 3 publications

References 141 publications

State-of-the-Art Grid Stability Improvement Techniques for Electric Vehicle Fast-Charging Stations for Future Outlooks

State-of-the-Art Grid Stability Improvement Techniques for Electric Vehicle Fast-Charging Stations for Future Outlooks

Electric vehicles based electric power grid support: a review

Impact analysis on distribution network due to coordinated electric ferry charging

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