With the rapid development of ultra-high-voltage direct current (UHVDC) transmission, air core smoothing reactors have become the main source of electromagnetic contamination in converter substations. The actual magnetic field distribution was obtained by measuring the magnetic induction intensity of the polar busbar smoothing reactor under full load operation condition of the Jiaodong ±660 kV converter substation. A method combined with the measured data to eliminate the influence of the geomagnetic field is proposed. The magnetic field distribution model of the smoothing reactor is established and the rationality and validity of the model for magnetic field distribution is verified. Some magnetic shielding measures are proposed and their effectiveness is verified by simulation and small-scale experiments.