Electric field allowed molecular transitions for one and two photon excitation microscopy

Abstract

We propose an excitation technique for observing single and two photon excitation in those molecules for which such transitions are forbidden by the selection rules. This is possible by the application of an external electric field that perturbs the molecular orbitals, thereby resulting in a significant shift of energy levels. Such a shift of energy levels may bring those levels in resonance with the radiation field which is normally forbidden by selection rules. Further, parity of the these states may significantly improve the emission process. The external electric field results in the mixing of excited (short lifetime) and metastable states (long lifetime), thus reducing the lifetime of metastable (or near metastable) states. This may provide an effective channel for allowing transition from the metastable states. An application of electric field may result in the excitation of poorly excitable biomolecules. This excitation technique may find applications in single- and multi-photon fluorescence microscopy, bioimaging and optical devices.

Plasmon enhanced fluorescence microscopy below quantum noise limit with reduced photobleaching effect

“…[11][12][13] Photobleaching both linear and nonlinear plays a significant role in fluorescence microscopy. [14][15][16][17] We enumerate the benefits of PNS light for minimizing photobleaching as well. It should be reminded that high sensitivity phase measurement have been successfully demonstrated in a mach-Zehnder interferometer based microscopy utilizing multimode squeezed light source.…”