Electric Energy Supply in Nigeria, Decentralized Energy Approach

Ajao, K. R.; Ajimotokan, H. A.; Popoola, O. T.; Akande, H. F.

doi:10.1080/15453660909595149

Cited by 29 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…This approach for the proposed system was based on the initial capital cost C i , the present value of maintenance/operation C OM , and the present value of battery replacement cost C BR . It can be, therefore, expressed as [69][70][71][72][73]:…”

Section: Economic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Design, Simulation, and Economic Optimization of an Off-Grid Photovoltaic System for Rural Electrification

et al. 2019

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Access to clean and affordable energy in rural African regions can contribute greatly to social development. Hence, this article proposes the design, simulation, and optimization of a stand-alone photovoltaic system (SAPV) to provide non-polluting electrical energy based on a renewable source for a rural house located in Tazouta, Morocco. Real monthly electrical demands and hourly climatic conditions were utilized. An initial design process indicated that, with a 1080 W p total capacity of PV modules and 670 Ah of battery storage, the proposed SAPV system was able to meet a considerable part of the dwelling load with an average solar fraction of about 79.1%. The rest of the energy demand was ensured by a diesel generator (DG). Also, a life cycle analysis of the PV system revealed that the life cycle cost is 10,195.56 USD and the unit electricity cost is 0.57 USD/kWh for an initial investment of 4858.68 USD. Thereafter, an optimum design based on Homer Pro software was carried out indicating that lower PV capacity can decrease the unit energy cost to 0.356 USD/kWh while reducing the solar fraction to 54.9%.Energies 2019, 12, 4735 2 of 16 society [1]. Access to electricity has not only been identified as an essential element for socio-economic development, but also contributes towards poverty reduction in society [2]. However, electricity generation and its supply are not distributed equally in the world, especially in rural regions [3][4][5] that also suffer from the low quality of the power supply distribution services [6,7]. Yet, most of African countries, for instance, are still underdeveloped both in terms of infrastructure and power network, despite large, ongoing renewable energy projects in the region. In fact, there are about 620 million people in this continent that have no access to electricity, which is equivalent to two-thirds of Africa's population [8].Of the 315 million people in rural Africa who are expected to have access to electricity by 2040, only 30% of them will be connected to national networks. The others will be connected to off-grid or mini-grid power systems [9]. Kofi Annan, chairman of the Africa Progress Panel and former UN secretary general urged African governments and their partners to do their utmost to combat the enormous energy deficit in Africa. This joint appeal was launched on Monday, 13 March 2017, at the ADB headquarters in Abidjan, Ivory Coast on the occasion of the launch of the Africa Progress Panel report entitled "Light, Energy, Action: Electrifying Africa", which calls for adopting all existing solutions-network and off-grid systems-to illuminate Africa and power it [10].It is no great surprise as this continent has an abundant potential of solar, hydro, wind, and geothermal sources of energy and contains significant quantities of natural gas. Some countries even have coal deposits. The great challenge for Africa is to exploit and manage these resources and make them contribute to its economic development and ease for the inhabitants. Morocco, which belongs to the north...

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Section: Economic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Design, Simulation, and Economic Optimization of an Off-Grid Photovoltaic System for Rural Electrification

et al. 2019

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“…Nigeria's current production capacity of 2.4 million bbl/d remains low because of problems in the Niger Delta 3 and OPEC production restrictions. However, projections have placed future (2030) production at over 5.0 million bbl/d [20].…”

Section: Crude Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable energy development in Nigeria: Current status and policy options

Emodi

Boo

2015

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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“…The study considered three options: solar powered systems, conventional diesel generating plants, and connection to the national grid, and observed that solar photovoltaic systems are the most economically viable. Ajao et al [16] examined electricity supply in Nigeria using a decentralized approach and recommended that stand-alone renewable energy technologies be adopted especially for rural communities to improve electricity supply and enhance the overall economic development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electricity access in Nigeria: Viability of off-grid photovoltaic system

Akpan¹,

Isihak²,

Udoakah

2013

2013 Africon

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This study examines the viability of providing electricity to an un-electrified village in North-Eastern Nigeria using a mini-grid based off-grid solar photovoltaic system. The study employs the life-cycle cost to estimate a 25-year life-time cost of an off-grid electrification project using solar photovoltaic panels and compares with the cost of paying for grid-electricity within the same period. Comparing the cost of off-grid electrification with grid-extension is more appropriate; however, data on the cost of grid extension in Northern Nigeria are scarce. Thus, electricity tariff is used as a proxy since the Nigerian electricity market has been deregulated and the electricity tariff is expected to be market-reflective. The result shows that such project will not be economically viable at the prevailing commercial lending rate as it yields a negative net present value. However, the project becomes viable with adequate government support through the reduction in commercial lending rate for such projects and provision of start-up grants (as production subsidy). Such subsidy will not result in economic waste since the target is clearly defined. Apart from government financial incentives, creating necessary support mechanism in terms of legal and regulatory frameworks to encourage private investment will be necessary. In addition, engaging the community in the construction and maintenance of the project will ensure sustainability.

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Electric Energy Supply in Nigeria, Decentralized Energy Approach

Cited by 29 publications

References 1 publication

Design, Simulation, and Economic Optimization of an Off-Grid Photovoltaic System for Rural Electrification

Design, Simulation, and Economic Optimization of an Off-Grid Photovoltaic System for Rural Electrification

Sustainable energy development in Nigeria: Current status and policy options

Electricity access in Nigeria: Viability of off-grid photovoltaic system

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