Electric Buses in Hot Climates: Challenges, Technologies, and the Road Ahead

Abstract

This article examines the adoption of Battery Electric Buses (BEBs) in hot climates, highlighting the pursuit of sustainable transportation. It contrasts bus technologies and their adaptability to heat, with a focus on the operational strategies and performance metrics suited to these environments. The role of charging infrastructure is assessed, alongside the thermal tolerance of lithium-ion batteries, to establish their compatibility with BEBs in warm regions. Energy consumption patterns of BEBs are analyzed, considering the extra load from cooling systems. Additionally, the review touches on the economic implications and market acceptance, providing a succinct overview of financial impacts and consumer behavior. The paper identifies gaps in current research, particularly in relation to hot weather conditions, and validates findings to aid stakeholders in making informed decisions and spurring innovation in the field. With concise problem statements and state-of-the-art evaluations, this contribution offers a pathway for future research and a deeper understanding of electric bus operations under thermal stress.INDEX TERMS Battery electric buses, public transportation, energy consumption, hot climate.