Elderly skin and its rejuvenation: products and procedures for the aging skin

Ramos‐e‐Silva, Márcia; Carneiro, Sueli Coelho da Silva

doi:10.1111/j.1473-2165.2007.00289.x

Cited by 61 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 91 publications

(189 reference statements)

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“…One of the most visible results of these changes is an increase in the frequency of skin wrinkles as we get older. In the stratum corneum, the ability to bind water within the layer decreases with age (Ramos-e-Silva and da Silva Carneiro, 2007). It is the water that breaks down the hydrogen bonds in the keratin and thus plasticises the stratum corneum (Park and Baddiel, 1972).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Simulating the wrinkling and aging of skin with a multi-layer finite element model

Flynn

McCormack

2010

Journal of Biomechanics

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Simulating the wrinkling and aging of skin with a multi-layer finite element model

Flynn

McCormack

2010

Journal of Biomechanics

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“…Many individual and environmental factors impact the modification of the abovementioned processes, including the age, sex, race, anatomical area of the skin, intensity of perspiration, skin temperature and ambient temperature, humidity of the air, season of the year, daily rhythm, hormonal balance, and many others [10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Review Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water loss through epidermis is described by TEWL value and affects the level of epidermis moisture [44,45]. Transepidermal water loss is a parameter reflecting the integrity of epidermis water layer and is a very sensitive indicator of the damage of the epidermis barrier [1,8,14,18,31,39,46]. Transepidermal water loss is a gradient of the vapour pressure measured in two points lying perpendicular to the skin surface inside an open chamber and is an intermediate value of water transmission from corneal layer.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and biophysical characteristics of human skin in maintaining proper epidermal barrier function

Boer¹,

Duchnik²,

Maleszka³

et al. 2016

pdia

184

178

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A b s t r a c tThe complex structure of human skin and its physicochemical properties turn it into an efficient outermost defence line against exogenous factors, and help maintain homeostasis of the human body. This role is played by the epidermal barrier with its major part -stratum corneum. The condition of the epidermal barrier depends on individual and environmental factors. The most important biophysical parameters characterizing the status of this barrier are the skin pH, epidermal hydration, transepidermal water loss and sebum excretion. The knowledge of biophysical skin processes may be useful for the implementation of prophylactic actions whose aim is to restore the barrier function.Key words: epidermal barrier, sebum, skin hydration, transepidermal water loss, skin pH. Skin is a barrier between the human body and the external environment. It protects the body against exogenous chemical and physical factors, takes part in the metabolic processes, plays a resorptive and thermoregulatory function, being the first line of defence against pathogenic microorganisms, and it partakes in immunological processes [1]. Review paperThe complex structure of human skin and its physicochemical characteristics turn it into an effective outermost defence line against exogenous factors, and help maintain homeostasis of the human body. This role is played by the epidermal barrier, in which the corneal layer of epidermis has a particularly important function to perform [1][2][3]. It consists of 15-20 layers of fully cornified keratinocytescorneocytes. In the bottom part of the cornified layer, the cells closely adjoin each other, while in the top part they are arranged loosely and undergo scaling. Construction of the corneal layer resembles a wall in which corneocytes stand for bricks, and a fat-abundant intercellular matrix is the cement [4,5]. The interior of the corneal layer cells is filled with cytokeratin filaments bonded with filaggrin. These cells are surrounded by a stiff, cornified encasement built mostly of the loricrin protein, forming a part of the so-called protein-lipid envelope [2,3,6]. The envelope is connected with the extracellular liquid crystal matrix and constitutes the border between the hydrophilic surface of the cells and the lipophilic non-polar fatty acids of the matrix surrounding corneocytes [7].The thickness of the outer layer of the epidermis, the size of corneocytes, and the composition of superficial lipids impact the regenerative properties of the skin, which contributes to the various courses of dermatological diseases, and the process of healing alike. Anatomical areas with thick epidermis are more resistant to external factors [8]. On the other hand, the areas with a relatively thin cornified layer, such as the face, are characterized by high susceptibility to damaging factors, but also by the ability to re-establish the barrier function very fast. It is connected with a high proliferative activity, thus quick regeneration of the epidermis, intensive vascularity, good hydration, and pr...

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“…Atypical epidermal atrophy and exaggerated skin apoptosis [20]. The decrease of the epidermal mitosis in the basal layer.…”

Section: Decreasing Number Of Stem Cells and Cells With Potential DIVmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periorbital Hyperpigmentation, a Dermatologic Condition Having a Strong Geographic and Ethnic Determinism

Andrei¹,

Grujic²,

Lazãr³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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POH (Peri Orbital Hyperpigmentation) represents a minor clinical entity that attracts immense aesthetic damages and it generates social integration difficulties. This review focuses on the etiopathogenic causes of this entity, differentiating and reclassifying this defect as having, on the one hand, genetic causes of melanic hyperproduction -for Fitzpatrick cutaneous phototypes IV and V -and, on the other hand, both genetic and acquired vascular causes, in individuals with light-coloured skin phototypes. Hence, there is a big difference in the field of pathogenic treatment, for the two entities. In addition, this study notes the direct relationship between skin aging and POH, especially for aquired vascular causes. In this reasoning, other aesthetic deficiencies of the skin in the palpebral area should be also considered, like: blepharochalasis, wrinkles, the anatomical causes of the lower eyelid shading, symmetrical or asymmetric suborbital oedema. All of these issues will complicate the therapeutic decision and subsidiary, the pharmaceutical advice. In this context, the review shows the guidelines for a honest councelling of the patients, pointing the efficiency limit for the topical pharmaceutical medication (depigmentants, exfoliants) versus the necessity of minimally invasive or/ and surgical treatments (in blefarochalasis).

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Elderly skin and its rejuvenation: products and procedures for the aging skin

Cited by 61 publications

References 91 publications

Simulating the wrinkling and aging of skin with a multi-layer finite element model

Simulating the wrinkling and aging of skin with a multi-layer finite element model

Structural and biophysical characteristics of human skin in maintaining proper epidermal barrier function

Periorbital Hyperpigmentation, a Dermatologic Condition Having a Strong Geographic and Ethnic Determinism

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