“…Immigrant and ethno-cultural minority older adults face particular challenges in reporting abuse or neglect and accessing appropriate services and supports. Reporting and service barriers identified in Canadian, American, and British studies include cultural and familial beliefs, such as the need to save face and maintain family cohesion, harmony, and honor, or shame or guilt (Moon and Benton, 2000;Moon et al, 2002;Lee and Eaton, 2009;Guruge et al, 2010;Lai, 2011a;Bowes et al, 2012;DeLiema et al, 2012), tolerance of certain types of abuse, or victim-or self-blaming (Moon and Benton, 2000;Moon et al, 2002;Lee and Eaton, 2009;Lee et al, 2011a), and cultural community pressures and stigma (Guruge et al, 2010;Tyyska et al, 2012).…”