“…The disconnected social self can lead to alienation. This is recognized by Elder (1977) in the high rate of suicide among White American males who take their own life in old age because they lack employment (which contributes to low morale) and, their social networks enervated, suffer from loneliness (see also Lang, 2003). African American and White women do not commit suicide to the same degree as their male counterparts, largely because they have a stronger social network (see Bender, 2000;Canetto, 1995;see also McPherson et al, 2006); however, the suicide rate for White women rises to rival that of men for those who are socially isolated (Osgood and Eisenhandler, 1995).…”